This bridge in Moscow was built at an angle of 55 degrees to the fairway, thereby softening the break in the Garden Ring. Initially, it was planned to throw a suspended structure, but the combination of such a scheme and a rather acute angle between the river and the bridge's tracks seemed risky. In this regard, it was built according to the arched scheme traditional for the capital. The structure, thrown across the Moscow River, occupies one of the important and significant positions in the road system of the central part of the capital.
Below is a brief history of the construction of the Big Krasnokholmsky Bridge in Moscow, its description and features.
The beginning of the story
This bridge has existed since the 18th century. At first, it was connected logs lying on the water. Bridges of this design, like piled wooden ones, in those days quite often suffered from severe floods, and therefore they had to be constantly rebuilt. For example, in 1823 the described Big Krasnokholmsky Bridgewas swept away by the flood. So much so that there is nothing left.
With the growth of Moscow, it became necessary to arrange a permanent bridge in this place, connecting Zamoskvorechye and Taganskaya Sloboda. Therefore, the City Council turned to Amand Struve (bridge engineer) with a proposal to create a new bridge. It was he who created such bridges as Liteiny in St. Petersburg, the railway across the Oka River, the bridge in the city of Kremenchug, as well as the bridge in Kyiv across the Dnieper.
Building for the ages
The opening of the two-span permanent Krasnokholmsky Big Bridge took place in early April 1872. It consisted of two spans with load-bearing box trusses 65.6 meters long. According to the same scheme, the old Borodinsky and Crimean bridges were built. The width of the carriageway was 15 meters plus the width of two pedestrian sidewalks. In the 1900s, tracks for trams were also laid here.
At that time, the building overlooked Narodnaya Street and was located almost at a right angle to the fairway. This shortcoming was corrected when designing a modern arch bridge, which was built in 1928 (designed by engineer V. M. Vakhurkin and architect V. D. Kokorin). Today, the structure is located in the direction of the Garden Ring road.
Description
This bridge is an arched single-span steel pontoon connecting 2 banks of the river and located along the line of the Garden Ring route (the gap between Taganskaya Square and Nizhnyaya Krasnokholmskaya Street). Project authors - groupengineers: Sobolev D. M., Vakhurkin V. M., Golts G. P. The pontoon, built in 1938, has an arch 168 meters long, which is the largest in the center of Moscow.
The main span of the Big Krasnokholmsky Bridge consists of seven crescent-shaped parallel steel arches, each of which is 168 meters long. In total, steel consumption amounted to 6,000 tons (890 kilograms per square meter).
Coastal pylons rest on 4 caissons (concrete) measuring 35.6 x 15 meters each. The latter are buried below the river level by about 13 meters. The entire length of the bridge with approaches to it is 725 meters, the width is 40. The movement of cars on the bridge takes place along eight lanes. Reconstruction with the replacement of the entire canvas on the bridge was carried out in the period from 2005 to 2007. He got his name from the area, which is hilly, on the left bank of the river.
Interesting fact
There were (and still are) rumors that during the construction of the Big Krasnokholmsky Bridge it was discovered that part of one residential building, standing on the street. Osipenko, was located right at the exit from the bridge. In this regard, it was moved to another place, turned by 19 degrees. Moreover, in the process of construction work, it was not even necessary to turn off communications, and the residents of the house practically did not feel any discomfort.
