The world around us holds many mysteries and secrets, perhaps that is why people like to explore it so much. Of particular interest are hard-to-reach regions located close to the North. Since ancient times, adventurers and explorers have created expeditions to explore these mysterious places, which often ended tragically for their participants. Today, with the development of technology and scientific achievements, a lot of new and previously unknown has been discovered. There is an intensive study of the relief of the bottom of the seas located in the north of Russia. Climatic conditions, flora and fauna of these regions are also investigated. Of particular interest is the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea, into which the famous Yenisei River flows.
Discovery history
Russian explorers studied these places back in the 14th-17th centuries. The Great Northern Expedition, led by Lieutenant Ovtsyn, navigator Minin and navigator Sterlegov, began at the beginning of the 18th century (1737). It was they who drew up a map describing the banks of the Yenisei River and the Yenisei Bay.
The Academy of Sciences and the Russian Geographical Society became interested in the studies of the North Seas at the end of the 19th - at the beginning of the 20th century. They organized an expeditionthe leadership of Lopatin and Schmidt, which described the Yenisei Bay and gave more accurate data on the relief of the coast and the geological structure. Studies of these areas were carried out until October 1917. After the change of government at the state level, no one de alt with this issue, and only single enthusiasts went to the mouth of the Yenisei in search of adventure.
In the 70s of the twentieth century, only geographers were engaged in the study of these places. They studied the zoobenthos of the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea, soil, flora and fauna of nearby areas.
The uniqueness of the Kara Sea
In the North of Russia there are 4 Siberian seas belonging to the Arctic Ocean:
- Chukchi.
- East Siberian.
- Karskoe.
- Laptev.
Among them all, the Kara has a unique hydrological feature. The two largest water arteries of Russia - the Ob and the Yenisei - flow into it. River water is carried out to the sea, due to which a large area of its surface becomes freshwater. The thickness of this layer is about 2 meters.
The Kara Sea has a winding coastline. The largest bays are located in its eastern part:
- Yenisei.
- Gydan.
- Pyasinsky.
Description of the Yenisei Bay
The Yenisei Gulf is located between the mainland of the Eurasian continent and the Gydan Peninsula. It received its name in honor of therivers. The length of the bay is approximately 225 km, and the widest part is 150 km. The maximum depth of the reservoir is 20 m. For 9 months, the Yenisei Bay is ice-bound, and only in the summer it thaws. The port of Dikson is located on the eastern coast of the Kara Sea. It is located at the entrance to the bay.
Fishing is developed in these regions, as well as hunting for marine life, seals and beluga whales.
The sea route runs through the bay to the ports of Igarka and Dudinka, which are located on the Yenisei River. This water artery desalinates the Kara Sea.
Smaller rivers of Siberia also flow into the Yenisei Bay:
- Holchikha.
- Sariha.
- Karga.
- Yung-Yama.
- Mezenkina.
- Miquetl.
- Volgina.
- Juro.
- Dorofeeva.
There are two islands in the bay: Oleniy and Sibiryakov.
Inhabitants of the reservoir
The benthos of the Yenisei Bay is mixed. Some forms are freshwater species, while for other inhabitants only s alty sea water is suitable. These factors also affect the distribution of living organisms in the region.
The northern part of the bay is very similar to the sea in terms of hydrological indicators, so here you can find species of fauna well adapted to s alt water. These include Ophiura nodosa, a member of the echinoderm family. In fresh water, there is an active development of crustaceans and sea cockroaches, belonging to the class of crustaceans. Joldia arctica are molluscsYenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea. They live in this reservoir in large numbers. The southern region is relatively poor in benthic population, as it is heavily desalinated.
The waters of the bay are rich in both freshwater fish and s alt water species. Here you can find flounder, pollack, smelt. Live in the bay and commercial fish:
- perch;
- sig;
- nelma;
- herring;
- vendace and others.
The Yenisei Bay has become for them a place of pasture and feeding.
