Zelenograd city district is one of the existing administrative regions of the capital of Russia. There are 12 of them in total. Only 37 km separates Zelenograd from such a large metropolis as Moscow, and it is located in the northwestern part of the region. It is also the very first of the three districts formed outside the Moscow Ring Road. And few people know that for a long time the city has been considered the main research and production center of Soviet and Russian electronics and microelectronics. At one time, outstanding Russian researchers and scientists worked here. For your information: the city was originally intended as a large scientific platform.
General information
Zelenograd has its own history of origin, its own traditions. The infrastructure is also well developed here. Many residents of the capital and other regions buy real estate here. Houses and apartments in Zelenograd, especially in new areas, are considered elite. The city is literally immersed in greenery. Its name literally translates as "green city". Despite the relatively close location from the capital, the air here is exceptionally clean. This is possible due to the abundance of plantings as in the linelocality and in its vicinity. Transport links between Zelenograd and Moscow are well established. Further in the article we learn more about the city, its features, territorial division. The material will also provide information on how to get to the settlement from the capital and back, what type of transport can be done.
Features
The city of Zelenograd, also known as the "Russian Silicon (more rarely - Silicon) Valley", is the largest exclave in the capital. Its southeastern part borders on the city of. Khimki, and the rest of the territory - with the Solnechnogorsk district. Zelenograd, the photo of which is presented in the article, includes a number of settlements. These are, in particular, the village of Malino, the villages of Rozhki, Novomalino, Kutuzovo and part of the settlement of Alabushevo. Compared to other Moscow districts, the territory of Zelenograd is the smallest. Prior to the annexation of new territories to the capital in 2012, it was also smaller than the rest in terms of population. But at the same time, the city is more densely populated than, for example, Balashikha. The latter, for your information, is considered the largest settlement in the vicinity of the capital, and as a separate region, it could well enter the first hundred of the largest cities in Russia. Not so long ago, before the expansion of Moscow, Zelenograd occupied the second place of honor among urban districts in terms of the number of green spaces. Then their share was 30% of the entire territory, second only to the Eastern Administrative District.
The beginning of the story
Zelenograd (Moscow) was built on the site of the previously located villages of Matushkino and Savelki, the village of Kryukovo and a number of other smaller settlements and summer cottages. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in 1941, along the Kryukovsky highway (today it is called Panfilovsky Prospekt), the defensive line of the Soviet troops passed from the Kryukovo station. Today in the city, as well as its environs, you can see a large number of monuments in honor of those important events. The most famous of them is the memorial complex "Bayonets". On December 3, 1966, in honor of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of enemy troops near the capital, the ashes of the Unknown Soldier were taken from the mass grave and then reburied near the walls of the Kremlin in the Alexander Garden. To this day, the remains of the dead, unexploded shells and other evidence of fierce battles are found on Zelenograd land.
Founding History
The official founding date of the city of Zelenograd is March 3, 1958. On this day, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in order to distribute the population, adopted a resolution to build a new settlement near the Kryukovo station of the OZhD. For this, the state allocated 11.28 square meters. km, which is only 30% of the total area of the modern city. The construction was supposed to unfold between the Leningrad Highway and the Oktyabrskaya Railway at a distance of 37-41 km from the central part of the capital. Work on the construction of the satellite city began in 1960. The building plan was developed by the chief architect Igor Evgenievich Rozhin. Initially, the city of Zelenograd was conceived as the main center of textile production. However, in 1962, thanks to the proposal of Alexander Ivanovich Shokin (Chairman of the State Committee for Electronics), the main activity began to be planned in a different direction. Now the task of the developers was to create a scientific center focused on the development of electronic and microelectronic technology.
Later, Zelenograd was often compared to the American Silicon (Silicon) Valley, in connection with which he received his main nickname - "Russian Silicon (less often - Silicon) Valley". Some researchers of the history of the Russian electronics industry believe that Shokin's decision to put forward a reorientation initiative was significantly influenced by American engineers who fled to the USSR - Alfred Sarantu and Joel Barru (known in the country under the names Philip Georgievich Staros and Joseph Veniaminovich Berg).
Chronology
In 1863 the first director of the "Scientific Center" was appointed. They became Lukin Fedor Viktorovich, and his deputy for science - F. G. Staros. On January 15, 1963, the city, still under construction, acquired its name - Zelenograd. It was assigned by the act of the Executive Committee of the Capital City Council of People's Deputies number 3/25. January 16, 1963 suburban n. Zelenograd (Moscow), on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, was transferred to the subordination of the district administration. On January 25, 1963, all managerial functions were transferred to the hands of the Leningrad District Council of the capital. In February 1965, Zelenograd was transferred from district to city subordination, thereby raising the status of the city. On March 2, 1965, in connection with the decree of the Moscow City Executive Committee, the Moscow City Council of Workers' Deputies began to manage it. In the autumn of 1968 (based on a new decision of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR), Zelenograd was additionally given the status of a district of Moscow. The general development plan, developed by the chief architect Igor Alexandrovich Pokrovsky and his large team (it included architects G. E. Saevich, F. A. Novikov and others), was adopted as a basis in 1971
Expansion
In 1987, the village of Kryukovo and its surroundings were annexed to the territory of Zelenograd. According to the plan of the developers, this place was intended for the construction of a new industrial zone. But with the collapse of the USSR, the construction of the CIE (Center for Informatics and Electronic Technology) was stopped, before it really started, while the construction of a large housing stock continued. The result was an imbalance in the number of city residents and the necessary jobs, which Zelenograd could no longer provide. The situation was also aggravated by the crisis of the Russian economy of those times. A significant part of the city's population was forced to travel every day from the New part of Zelenograd to the old one, or even travel outside the district to Moscow.
The current stage in development
In the summer of 1991, the capital, in connection with the decision on the need to form administrative districts instead of the old districts, was brought intoaction reform of territorial division. According to it, the city of Zelenograd (Moscow region) was transformed into a separate district. In January 1992, this decision consolidated the decision of the current president of the Russian Federation, as well as the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation. In the same document, Zelenograd was divided into 5 municipal circles: No. 1-4, Kryukovo. Official registration as an administrative district was fixed on July 5, 1995 by the law on territorial division. It also provides information on the zoning of the district into 5 parts. Some time later, the formations were renamed the districts of Savelki, Matushkino, Silino and Staroe Kryukovo. Four industrial zones located on the territory of the Old City turned out to be outside the Zelenograd district. Later they were merged into a single territorial group. On December 4, 2002, Zelenograd (Moscow), along with its five intracity municipalities, was additionally divided into 3 districts. These are, in particular, Panfilovsky, Matushkino-Savelki, Kryukovo. The territorial unit "Zelenogradskaya", as well as the forest park located in the Old Town, were distributed between the districts of Matushkino-Savelki and Panfilovsky. At the beginning of 2010, the number of districts increased to five. Their names and territorial distribution were made in accordance with the municipalities of the city.
Administrative-territorial structure
The modern Zelenograd urban district consists of 5 districts, 18 microdistricts (plannedadditionally form 4 more microdistricts), seven industrial and communal zones, several isolated settlements and a forest park. The territorial division is as follows:
- Matushkino area. It includes microdistricts No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 and the Northern Industrial Zone.
- Savelki district. It consists of microdistricts No. 3, No. 5-7, the village of Nazaryevo and the Eastern communal zone.
- Staroe Kryukovo district - this includes microdistricts No. 8, No. 9, partly Malino settlement (northern direction from OZhD), Southern industrial zone.
- Silino area. Microdistricts No. 10, No. 11, No. 12, the Western industrial zone and the Alabushevo industrial zone are located here.
- Kryukovo district. It includes the largest number of microdistricts, such as No. 14 - 16, No. 18, No. 19 "Kryukovo", No. 20, the southern part of the village of Malino, the village of Kutuzovo, Kamenka, Rozhki, Novo-Malino. This also includes microdistricts under construction No. 22 "Kutuzovskaya Sloboda", No. 23 "Green Forest", reserve sites from the 17th and 21st microdistricts, the Malino industrial zone and the Aleksandrovka communal zone.
Also, the Zelenograd district retained its former conditional division into the Old City (about 2/3 of the total territory and population) and the New. The first one consists of the districts of Savelki, Matushkino, Silino and Staroe Kryukovo. It is located between the Leningrad Highway and the Oktyabrskaya Railway. The new city includes only one district, but the largest in terms of territory and population - Kryukovo. It is located southwest of OZD.
Ways to get to Zelenograd. How to get from Moscow
There are several ways to arrive at the village. How to get to Zelenograd by car:
- Along the Pyatnitsky highway.
- On the Leningrad highway.
More detailed travel options, route selection will be described below.
Zelenograd-Moscow railway connection
Electric train is a universal way to get to the settlement from the capital and back. The train departs from the Leningradsky railway station, which is located at the Komsomolskaya metro station. Depending on the number of stops made on the way to Zelenograd (Moscow), the train covers the distance in 35-50 minutes on average. The cost of a ticket from Moscow to the station "Kryukovo" is 82.5 rubles. The departure time of the first train from Moscow is at 4:45. Arrival in Kryukovo - at 5:33. The departure time of the last train from Moscow is at 23:35. Arrival at the above point - 00:30. From the station "Kryukovo" you can get to all areas of Zelenograd and the surrounding area by taxi. The movement of public transport is carried out according to the schedule. It can be clarified at the points where the buses stop. Zelenograd can be visited in other ways as described below.
Drive from the "River Station"
From this metro station to Zelenograd (Moscow) you can take buses No. 400 (express) and No. 400. The route is convenient if you need to get to the old microdistricts No. 1-12 or Kryukovo. The first bus from Moscow leaves at 5:05,the last one is at 00:20. The downside of this travel option is frequent traffic jams on the Leningrad Highway. However, if the roads are free, then you can get to the city in just half an hour. The fare is 40 rubles.
Metro routes
Mitino
Bus number 400K follows from here to Zelenograd. Its route is convenient for those traveling to the new microdistricts No. 14-20 and Kryukovo.
Tushinskaya
You can also get to Zelenograd by express bus or fixed-route taxi No. 160 from Tushinskaya metro station. Its route is convenient for visiting new microdistricts No. 14-16, No. 18, No. 20 and Kryukovo. The bus follows Volokolamskoye and then Pyatnitskoye highway to Zelenograd. Travel time is approximately 50 minutes. The fare is 50 rubles.
Leningradskoe highway route (M10)
The best assistant for a traveler who will not let him go astray is a map. Zelenograd, due to its convenient location, many residents of the capital prefer to visit by car. The first entrance is located approximately at km 37. Leningradskoe sh. (about 20 km from the Moscow Ring Road). After the car dealership "Avanta" you need to turn right, onto Moskovsky Prospekt. This route is convenient to get to the Eastern communal zone and microdistricts No. 1-7. The next entrance is located on the 42nd km. Leningradskoe sh., next to the monument "Bayonets". To get into the city, you need to turn left, onto Panfilovsky Prospekt. From here you can get to the North, West and South industrial zone,as well as microdistricts No. 8-12. To get to the New City (microdistricts No. 14-20) you need to pass the Kryukovskaya overpass on Panfilovsky Prospekt. The same way you can get to the Pyatnitskoe highway.
By car along Pyatnitskoye Highway (P111)
From art. metro station "Mitino" you need to get to the turn to Kutuzovskoe sh., which is located behind the village of Berehovo, and turn right. Then, along the same highway, drive to the ring and turn onto passage No. 657. It will lead to new microdistricts No. 14-20, Kryukovo, Goluboe and Andreevka. You can also get to Zelenograd by turning near the village of Goretovka or across the bridge to the villages of Goluboe and Andreevka.
