Pushkin places in Russia. Journey through Pushkin places

2024 Author: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:06

Pushkin places are highly respected not only among local residents, but also among visitors. They are visited with pleasure by connoisseurs of classical literature, adherents of poetry, excursion groups of teenagers and university students, as well as tourists from different countries.

There is no great need to list all the places, you can name the most popular museums created with love by more than one generation of people. Even today, these buildings retain a special atmosphere.

Goncharov's Estate

Describing the Pushkin places near Moscow, I would like to start with the Goncharovs' estate. There are two unique estates in the village of Yaropolets. The Goncharovs' estate is located in its southern part. The pointer for him was the pointed roofs of the church. The name of the village comes from the “Fiery Field”, here in the old days, according to legend, the kennels of the kings were kept. Many royal representatives liked to hunt in this village.

The manor group was formed under the Zagryazhskys in the 18th century. In the coastalIn the Lama zone, a wooden house was built for the landowners and the Church of John the Baptist (1751-1755), which was located in the front yard. Side gates lead to the church and courtyard. They have the form of castle towers with sharp battlements. From the fence that used to surround the entire complex, only the wall from the south remained. Outbuildings and the house itself, built in 1780, are located in a semicircle in the front yard. It is connected to the outbuildings by passages and has highly artistic merits, which makes it possible to rank it among the best manor buildings of that period. The architecture of the building is luxurious and elegant. The famous architect of the 2nd half of the 18th century I. V. Egotov is considered the creator of the Goncharov complex.

The village of Yaropolets A. S. Pushkin visited twice, in 1833 and 1834. He came to his mother-in-law, mother N. I. Goncharova. Already at that time, he noted that the estate was falling into decay, this is confirmed by the lines "lived in a ruined palace." The so-called "Pushkin Room" lasted until 1941, until the war began. It was during the Patriotic War that the estate suffered the most, as a result of the fire, enormous damage was caused to the internal architecture of the house and the poet's room, as well as to a large number of buildings. In the post-war period, the estate was restored, and now it houses a recreation center. This is a special success - today to visit Pushkin places in the Moscow region. The Goncharovs' estate will plunge you into the maelstrom of the life history of a poetic genius.

Zakharovo Estate

Travel to Pushkin places followscontinue by visiting the estates, reminiscent of the childhood years of the poet. In Russia, there are a large number of places associated with A. S. Pushkin, but the most memorable are those that are associated with his childhood. Any memories leave their mark on the life of an accomplished person, and for a creative person - on his works. In order to get acquainted with the childhood of the poet, it is necessary to visit the Zakharovo estate, which was once owned by Pushkin's grandmother, M. A. Gannibal.

One of the first stories about this estate appears in the 17th century in one of the books. The estate appears in the text as the estate of Kamynin, who was a military leader in Perm and Solikamsk. Throughout its history, the house has had a large number of owners. And only by the end of 1804 the grandmother of Alexander Sergeevich became the mistress of the estate. Somewhere in the late spring of 1805, the daughter of M. A. Hannibal, Nadezhda Osipovna, arrived at the estate, along with her children. Pushkin's father was not a fan of the countryside and rarely visited Zakharovo. The poet's family came to the estate every summer, almost until Alexander Sergeevich left for the lyceum. In 1811, Pushkin's grandmother parted with the estate in Zakharovo, and it passed into the possession of Agrafena Alekseevna, her own sister.

It can be noted that this particular estate is the only place that has preserved the moments of Pushkin's childhood. From reliable sources it is clear that from 1805 to 1810 the poet spent every summer here. The indelible impressions received from staying in this estate leave their mark on later life. Pushkin, since the whole house is saturated with the Russian way of life. It is located in the bosom of magnificent nature. It was here that Pushkin first learned what a Russian village was, thanks to his caring grandmother and nanny, as well as the entourage of his sister and brother. Vivid impressions arose from the poet's trips to the neighboring village of Vyazma to a small church. Pushkin places near Moscow are especially loved by connoisseurs of Russian art.

Unfortunately, the house where the poet spent his summers has not been preserved. At the beginning of the 20th century, an exact wooden copy was built on the foundation of the old house, but it could not survive to this day due to a fire that happened in 1933. By the 200th anniversary of the birth of Pushkin, in 1999, the house was rebuilt again. Nothing of the former exhibits remained in the new building, but they were replaced by other items that also date back to the time when the poet lived, but are not his relatives.

Bolshiye Vyazemy

Pushkin places in the suburbs are represented by another estate. The estate of Bolshie Vyazemy was glorified not only by A. S. Pushkin, but also by many other world-famous people, among them the Princes Golitsyns, Kutuzov and even Napoleon. It is worth taking a closer look at the heroine of The Queen of Spades, perhaps she will remind one of the inhabitants of the estate. A walk through the beautiful halls of this palace, which is now part of the Historical Literary Museum - a reserve created in honor of A. S. Pushkin, will help to verify this. It is better to visit Pushkin places with a guide. Attractions then fill with meaning.

Homestead from the fortress

Initial references to Bolshoi Vyazemy come across in chronicles dating back to the 16th century. So in those days the terminus station was called on the way to Moscow along the Bolshaya Smolenskaya road. The word "Vyazma", according to some scientists, comes from the Slavic "viscous" (silty bottom of the nearest river). In 1585-1586. these places passed into the possession of Boris Godunov, who built a huge wooden palace, outbuildings, a boyar house and a temple, and a fortress wall surrounded these buildings. During the Time of Troubles, False Dmitry lived in Bolshoy Vyazemy, and Marina Mnishek and her courtiers also stayed there for some time. Toward the end of the 17th century, Peter I presented this estate to Boris Golitsyn, who was also engaged in the complete restoration of the palace. The house in the estate of Bolshie Vyazemy, which has survived to this day, was rebuilt by N. M. Golitsyn, great-grandson of Boris Golitsyn, in 1784. Alexander Sergeevich visited these places more than once. In his novel "Eugene Onegin" he described in detail this house, which belonged to Onegin in the work, and the estate in the village of Zakharovo became the prototype of the Larins' estate.

Volkov-Yusupov Palace

Pushkin's places in Russia are wide-ranging. A photo can only partially reflect all their greatness. You can appreciate them only when you visit them in person.

Pushkin's places in Moscow are no less interesting. Not far from the station "Red Gate" is the oldest samplestone building of the capital. The Volkov-Yusupov Palace has a rich history. It was built around the 17th-19th centuries and is known as the Volkovs' Chambers or the Yusupov Palace. There is an opinion that it was erected even earlier, in the 16th century, by the famous Russian architects Barma and Postnik, who later built St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square.

Before Peter II presented the palace to Grigory Dmitrievich Yusupov, it belonged to a large number of officials and military of that time. The last before the Yusupovs was the owner of the estate Alexei Volkov, who was a secretary in the Military Collegium. And in 1801-1803. the family of A. S. Pushkin lived in the western part of the chambers, therefore the palace is considered an architectural monument of Pushkin places. The construction is an architectural complex consisting of several towers, which are crowned with outlandish architraves, royal columns, beautiful weights. The roofs of the buildings are decorated with forging and carving, weathercocks, gratings and columns. Beautiful exteriors are matched by gorgeous interior furnishings.

Pushkin House Museum in Moscow

Pushkin places of the Moscow region are located mainly in Moscow and its immediate environs. On the Arbat, in the center of the capital, in 1831, A. S. Pushkin rented an apartment in a 2-storey old house, which now houses the spiritual center of the creative intelligentsia. There is also a memorial museum-apartment of the poet, which has been visited by several generations of his admirers. In this apartment, Alexander Sergeevich celebrated his noisybachelor party and after the wedding he lived in this house already with his wife N. N. Goncharova. According to some testimonies of contemporaries, this house was especially dear to him, since it was within its walls that Pushkin's happy life took place. For quite a long time communal apartments were located in this building, only a modest facade memorial plaque, which was installed in 1937, reminded that a great poet once lived in this house. And only on February 18, 1986, after a long restoration, the house officially became a museum.

Exposure

Unfortunately, there is no data on the interior decoration of the house where Pushkin lived, so the museum staff decided to leave the second floor with practically no exhibits. The same fate befell some other Pushkin places. The photo therefore cannot fully reflect the beauty of the monument. The walls of the apartment-museum are decorated with portraits of people who were frequent guests of Alexander Sergeevich. Among the still small number of exhibits, you can see portraits of Pushkin and his wife, painted during his lifetime, as well as the poet's desk and the table of Pushkin's wife. The first floor of the museum is occupied by the exposition "Pushkin and Moscow", which displays the warm, but difficult relationship between the poet and the capital. There are also illustrations for some of the poet's works, and creative evenings are often held in the living room. Pushkin places in Russia, especially in Moscow, deserve the attention of many art historians and writers.

Pushkin Mountains

120 km fromPskov is the village of Pushkinskiye Gory. The name of the area was chosen for a reason, because the poet is closely connected with it by two estates that once belonged to the Pushkin family, and one was in the possession of his friends. And also in this area there is a monastery in which the famous poet was buried. At the moment, all three estates form the Pushkin Museum.

Mikhailovskoe

Mikhailovskoye - the most popular estate of A. S. Pushkin. Here he whiled away a large amount of time both in his youth and in his adult years, and from 1824 to 1826 he was in Mikhailovsky exile. Before the birth of the poet, this estate belonged to his family. Since 1742, the estate was inherited from the great-grandfather to the poet's mother. The estate passed to the bail of the state in 1899, when Pushkin would have turned 100 years old, and in 1911 it was transformed into a museum dedicated to Alexander Sergeevich. The estate was restored twice, the first time the estate was consumed by fire in 1918. The estate was rebuilt by 1937. And the second time it was destroyed during the Great Patriotic War and was restored after the war.

On the territory of the estate there is a restored house and some things that belonged to the poet. Some rooms of the estate are available for visiting, one of them is Pushkin's office, where his desk is located. Bit by bit, the museum staff is trying to restore every minute of the poet's life spent in this family nest.

Petrovskoe

The estate in the middle of the 18th century was brought as a gift by Elizabeth I to the great-grandfather of the poet A. P. Hannibal. Later itpassed on to grandfather P. A. Hannibal, and even later - to uncle V. P. Hannibal. He was the ultimate owner of the family. Since 1839, the estate belonged to other owners, and in 1936 it was included in the structure of the Pushkin Museum. The estate has been restored several times. The buildings that stood under Pushkin burned down in 1918. In 1977, the estate of grandfather P. A. Pushkin was rebuilt, and in 2000 - the mansion of great-grandfather A. Hannibal. Today, the museum complex owns two of these buildings and a square with a gazebo-grotto. Pushkin places in Russia introduce everyone to the life of the legendary poet.

Trigorskoe

This is the estate of the writer's comrades, the Osipov-Wulf, with whom Pushkin was most closely friends at the time of his exile in 1824-1826. Like other estates in Pushkinskiye Gory, Trigorskoe burned to the ground in 1918. Reconstruction began in the post-war period. By 1962, the manor house was resurrected, and by 1978, a bathhouse, which at that time served not only as a place for washing, but also as a garden house, in which the poet loved to relax. The exhibition of the manor building presents historical property and objects of that period. There is a square in a circle, in which there is Onegin's Bench and Tatiana's Alley. It is worth noting that Trigorskoye is found as a prototype of the Larins' estate. There is an assumption that Alexander Sergeevich copied the morals of the heroes of his novel from his own comrades. One of the most entertaining places in the square is the oaks planted in a circle, which resembles a sundial. Pushkin's places can be called fabulous, since the nature surrounding them really resembles fairy tales,written by a poet.

Svyatogorsky Monastery

Svyatogorsk Monastery is famous for the fact that the poet is buried in it along with his whole family. The full name is the Holy Assumption Svyatogorsky Monastery. It was built in the 16th century by order of Ivan the Terrible IV. According to legend, the monastery was erected on the site where the shepherd saw the icon of the Mother of God. Alexander Sergeevich was very fond of visiting this place, talking with the abbots and parishioners, who always gathered at the fairs organized by the monastery. Around 1924, it was closed, after which a branch of the poet's museum was created, and already in 1992 it became a men's monastery.

This is not all Pushkin places located in Russia. In fact, the trail of Alexander Sergeevich can be traced in many parts of the country.