Chernogolovka (Moscow region) is one of thirty science cities located near the Russian capital. The city itself grew in the second half of the last century, although the settlement on the local lands existed earlier. This article will focus on the history of the development of the science city, as well as its sights and interesting places.
Science cities and technopolises
Science city is a settlement with a very large concentration of research institutes. As a rule, science and education become the main areas of specialization of such cities. The first science cities arose during the Soviet era, many of them were "closed". Today in Russia there are 70 science cities, one of which is Chernogolovka (Moscow region).
In English-language literature, such cities are called technopolises. At the end of the 20th century, there were about 300 technopolises in the world. Most of them are located in the USA, Japan,Germany and Russia.
Chernogolovka (Moscow region): map and location
Almost 50% of all science cities in the Russian Federation are concentrated in the Moscow region. One of them is the city of Chernogolovka (Moscow region) with a population of 22 thousand people. Today it has the status of an independent municipality. A number of institutions and institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences) operate in Chernogolovka, which act as a complex of city-forming enterprises.
Geographically, the city is located on the river of the same name in the Klyazma basin. Almost from all sides it is surrounded by a beautiful mixed forest. The distance to the capital is 60 kilometers.
How to get to Science City? The city is located on the Shchelkovo highway (highway A 103). Minibuses run here regularly (with an interval of 15 minutes) from the capital. They depart from the Shchelkovskaya metro station. There is also a social bus "Moscow - Chernogolovka" (from the central bus station). But there is no railway connection with the science city.
A bit of history
Historians claim that the first village on the site of a modern town arose at the beginning of the 18th century. The appearance of the toponym "Chernogolovka" also dates back to approximately this time. Local historians have several versions regarding its origin. One of them explains the name by the fact that the first inhabitants of the village were "people with black heads", whose main occupation was burning coal.
Modern Science City Chernogolovka (Moscow region) arose in the local forests only in the second half of the twentieth century. He also received his own direction for scientific research: local scientists took up the problems of the physics of explosion and combustion. By the way, experimental explosions-claps periodically shake the air of the town today.
In Soviet times, of course, every inhabitant of Chernogolovka was somehow involved in science. Today, the situation has changed a little: many of the local residents got a better paid job in the capital, while Muscovites here, on the contrary, are attracted by cheap real estate.
City of Chernogolovka: attractions
Perhaps the town itself is the most interesting attraction! It has a very unusual layout: the western part of the city is occupied by residential areas, while the eastern part is occupied by scientific institutes, institutions and experimental sites. Unfortunately, access to most of them is closed to an outsider for obvious reasons.
Alas, no historical traces of the ancient village of Chernogolovka have been preserved here. Therefore, lovers of antiquity in this city have nothing to do frankly. You will not find architectural masterpieces and monuments here either. The oldest buildings in Chernogolovka are post-war two-story houses. Basically, the science city is built up with typical late-Soviet "panels".
But Chernogolovka is rich in natural attractions. Directly near the residential area is the Near Lake, and three kilometers toto the north - the picturesque Far Lake. Any tourist will be surprised by the local "Peschanka" - a rather high sandy hill, poured on the bank of the pond in order to organize a ski slope.
But on Semenov Avenue grows an amazing Three-headed pine - a tree with a triple trunk. It even became an ornament of the official city coat of arms of Chernogolovka.
What's in the area?
Those who are determined to study this region comprehensively and deeply can be advised to take a tour around Chernogolovka. After all, there is also something to see!
First of all, it is worth noting the village of Makarovo, which is located three kilometers west of the science city. The most beautiful brick church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, built almost 500 years ago, has been preserved here. Another ancient temple (the Church of John the Baptist) is located in the village of Ivanovskoye. Its age, however, is not so solid: the year of construction is 1903.
Another interesting place in the vicinity of Chernogolovka is the village of Stromyn. The village has existed since at least 1379, when it was mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle. It was through this village that the historical Stromynskaya road passed, which once connected Moscow with the Suzdal lands.
