Klyazma is a river located in Russia, in the European part of the country. It flows through the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Vladimir and Moscow regions. It is a left tributary of the Oka. The article will talk about this glorious river.
Key Features
Klyazma is a river with a length of 686 kilometers and a basin area of 42.5 kilometers. The average annual consumption of water resources is 139-147 m3/s (185 kilometers from the mouth, in the vicinity of the city of Kovrov). The river is mostly fed by snow. Klyazma freezes in November, opens in the first half of April. There are many cities on the river: Schelkovo, Dolgoprudny, Korolev, Noginsk, Losino-Petrovsky, Pavlovsky Posad, Gorokhovets, Vyazniki, Kovrov, Vladimir, Sobinka, Orekhovo-Zuevo. The banks of the Klyazma are inhabited by approximately 1.7 million people. More than 3.3 million people live in the river basin zone.
Geographic description
The Klyazma River originates within the Moscow Upland. The map shows that its source is located near the city of Solnechnogorsk. Then the river flows in a southeast direction, through the territory of Moscow (city district of Khimki). Her path continues along the border of the Molzhaninovsky district of the capital, near the village of Cherkizova, turns to the east. The banks of the river in the upper reaches are high, the valley is rather narrow. At the Klyazma reservoir, the width is 12 meters. The river flows through the Pirogovskoe and Klyazma reservoirs, where it mingles with the Volga. Downstream, the flow is regulated, the width near the Klyazma railway platform is 20 meters. The water flow passes through the Meshcherskaya lowland, in this place the right bank is much lower than the left. Klyazma is a full-flowing and wide river. In Noginsk, its banks are 50 meters apart, in Vladimir - 130 meters. In some places the width is 200 meters. The depth is small, the maximum value is 8 meters, usually 1-2 meters. The bottom of the Klyazma is clayey, mostly sandy. In some places, the river is cut through by limestone strata.
Tributaries
Klyazma is a river with many tributaries. Many of them have ancient, Finno-Ugric names and are full-flowing rivers. The tributaries are Suvoroshch (14 km), Lukh (68 km), Istok (79 km), Tara (110.7 km), Msterka (111 km), Teza (135 km), Shizhegda (151 km), Nerekhta (190 km).), Sudogda (244 km), Nerl (269 km), Rpin (285 km), Koloksha (326 km), Shalovka (329 km), Vorsha (336 km), Fields (378 km), Peksha (396 km), Berezka (416 km), Shchitka (445 km), Kirzhach (459 km), Dubna (466 km), Vyrka (476 km), Drezna (481 km), Vokhonka (502 km), Plotnya (514 km), Sherna (516 km), Zagrebka (524 km), Chernogolovka (526 km), Lavrovka (526 km), Shalovka (540 km), Vorya (551 km), Ucha (577 km),Alba (640 km), Radomlya (665 km), Chernavka (671).
Ancient settlements
The Klyazma River, photographs of which are published in this article, has been a place of settlement for different peoples since ancient times. Archaeological excavations show that people of the Paleolithic era (Sungir), Neolithic (cities in the Yeoginsky district near the village of Bunkova), Mesolithic (the Pavlovsky Posad area, the vicinity of the village of Saurovo) lived on its shores. Later, the Merya, Muroma, and Meshchera tribes lived on the Klyazma. Many tributaries of the river are named in the language of these ancient tribes. Found on the banks and the first burial mounds of Slavic burial grounds in these parts.
Use
Klyazma is a river with which the development of the entire north-eastern part of Russia is associated, starting from the 12th century, from the period of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. In those days, the river was navigable throughout its entire length. Even before the Slavic settlement, the trade route Klyazma - Skhodnya - Moscow ensured the economic development of the region. With the advent of various crafts in the 17th century, many ceramic, textile and paper industries appeared on the river, first handicraft, and then factory and factory.
In the 20th century, in 1937, the construction of the Canal named after. Moscow, in the upper reaches of the river was blocked by the Pirogov dam, and the Klyazma reservoir was formed. The flow of water through the dams became regulated and began to be fed by the Volga and the rivers of the northern part of the Moscow region. In 1941, two hydroelectric power stations began to be built on the Klyazma, but with the outbreak of war, their construction was stopped. In the last century, in the 70s, there wasa project for the construction of the Eastern Shipping Canal on the outskirts of the capital was submitted for consideration.
At the moment, the river in its lower and middle reaches provides various industries and residents of numerous settlements with water resources. The Klyazma is navigable for a distance of 267 kilometers, from its mouth to the city of Vladimir, it is used to transport goods by barges. In the middle reaches, navigation is limited by the rocky bottom and the shallow depth of the section between Mstera and Kovrov. There is a cargo port (Vyazniki) on the river and there is an old shipyard in Gorokhovets.
Hydraulic structures
There are many hydraulic structures on the Klyazma River. Several dams have been built: in the Solnechnogorsk region (the village of Lunevo), in the village of Pirogovsky, in the city of Korolev, the village of Tarasovka, in the villages of Obukhov and Sverdlovsky, in the vicinity of the town of Schelkovo (the village of Amerovo). The concrete dam in Noginsk deserves a separate discussion. Its height is 2.5 meters. It is equipped with a shore spillway and six adjustable weirs.
There are several water supply and sewerage systems on the Klyazma: Orekhovo-Zuevskaya, Pavlovo-Posadskaya, Noginskaya, Obukhovskaya, Shchelkovskaya. In addition, constant hydrological monitoring is carried out in the Moscow Region by the departments of the Moscow Center for Environmental Monitoring and Hydrometeorology. There are three hydrochemical points: in Pavlovsky Posad, Shchelkovo and Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
Fishing
The Klyazma River is a great place for fishing lovers. Fishing in these areas is great. Almost all representatives of the river fauna of the central part of the country are found in the waters. The busiest time is spring. It was then that shoals of fish begin to swim into the river from the reservoir. In the spring, ide is caught in the wiring, pike and perch are caught on spinning, and bream and roach are caught on float tackle and snacks. In summer there is an opportunity to catch asp, carp, silver bream, crucian carp, carp, tench. Burbot is caught between the bottom snags. The rarest and most valuable prey on the Klyazma is the sterlet.
Horseshoes
The map of the Vladimir region shows that the Klyazma flows through its territory mainly through fields, only sometimes there are dense forests on its way. The soil on the banks in this area consists of sand and clay. There are a lot of steep steep slopes and sandy spits on the river, Klyazma loves to dodge and wash up various interesting places. "Horseshoe" is a curious phenomenon that happens when a river suddenly turns 180 degrees and begins to flow in the opposite direction. The distances between the channels of the same river can reach a kilometer. Then the two streams gradually connect with each other and form a picturesque island. This is a very beautiful picture. In addition, such places are very rich in various fish. First, asp settles in them, then zander and pike take the place. Then, among the reclaimed sandy spits with picturesque snags, catfish and burbot begin to come across. In water with purealmost all fish appear on the bottom that is not overgrown with vegetation: perch, roach, chub, garter, bream, etc. Over time, the "horseshoe" overgrows with grass, becomes very swampy, but more than a dozen years must pass for this. In the early years of its existence, such a place is a real paradise for a fishing lover.
Active and passive rest
The Klyazma River (Vladimir region) is a great place for a pleasant pastime in nature. Due to the strong current, kayaking is possible here. The time for such an active holiday comes in May and ends in September. You can come to Klyazma just to admire its beautiful shores, overgrown with sedge and willow, reed, cattail, chastukha, forest geranium, tripartite succession and other greenery. The waters of the river are decorated with hornwort, Canadian elodea, egg-pods, water lilies, duckweed and different types of pondweed.
Beach vacation
In the warm season, you can go to relax on the beach. There are a lot of places for recreation on the Klyazma River. Municipal beaches are regularly cleaned, doctors are on duty and there is a rescue service. On the coasts belonging to some kind of holiday home, for example, the Klyazma boarding house on the reservoir of the same name, catamarans, boats, jet skis and boats are rented. There are sun loungers and umbrellas, cafes and bars. River trips are offered on tourist boats decorated in the style of old frigates and other unusual ships. For the ecological state of cool watersKlyazma is closely watched by experts. Therefore, swimming in the river is not only pleasant, but also safe.
