Znamenskoye-Gubailovo - the estate of General-Anshef Dolgorukov-Krymsky: description, history, how to get there, reviews

2024 Author: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:06

The Znamenskoye-Shubailovo estate has an extraordinary, strange fate. With its location in the heart of Krasnogorsk, the estate would rightfully be recognized as the pearl of the city, but due to the passivity of the authorities, it became rather a reproach to it. The ensemble of the majestic building is in decline and ruin.

A highway passes through the territory of the property, dividing the buildings and the park of one of the most beautiful places in the Moscow region in half.

History

The history of the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate dates back to 1620. At that time, there were wastelands here. They were given into the possession of Semen Vasilyevich Volynsky after his participation in the Battle of Kulikovo. After the death of the owner in 1668, the land passed under the control of I. F. Volynsky. Here, by 1683, he built a stone church of the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos.

In the future, after the release of the great-granddaughter of the owner Anastasia Vasilyevna married V. M. Dolgorukov, the estate began to belong tothis ancient family. In fact, this marriage with the prince and commander, who annexed Crimea to the Russian Empire, merged the ancient noble houses together.

Manor under Dolgorukovs

B. M. Dolgorukov became a military man at the age of 13, and already at 14 he stood out during the fighting near the Perekop fortification. However, all the time while Anna was at the throne, he did not receive ranks. When Elizabeth became empress, in 1741, his promotion through the ranks began. Participating in the Swedish war, after 4 years he receives the rank of colonel. Commanding a regiment, he managed to make it the best in the Russian army of that era.

The next rank assigned to him was the rank of major general. Immediately after that, in the same 1755, he participates in the Seven Years' War. On it, he is wounded, promoted and awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky.

After the coronation of Catherine II, he becomes General-in-Chief, receives the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. This becomes an anticipation of his subsequent exploits in the war against the Turks. Dolgorukov's division covered the borders with the Crimea, and already 3 years later he was forcing Perekop, commanding an army of 38,000 fighters. He passed through the territory of the entire peninsula, retaining the garrisons of coastal towns and villages. Then he inflicted a crushing defeat on an army of 95,000 Tatars and Turks.

This victory provoked the escape of the Crimean Khan Selim-Girey and the enthronement of Bakhchisaray, a supporter of the Russian Empire, Khan Vakhib-Girey. In the same year, 1772, an alliance agreement was signed, according to whichCrimea finally passed into the power of the Russian Empire.

Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Krymsky was personally thanked by Catherine II in the rescripts she wrote. As a reward, he received the Order of George, 1st class, a gold snuffbox with a portrait of the Empress, 60,000 rubles.

Retirement

A wave of poems in honor of the prince went around the country. Despite his modesty, he succumbed to the dizzying effect of fame. This was reflected in the fact that when he received a new title - Crimean - he considered diamonds on a sword to be insufficient. He wanted to receive the field marshal's baton, since he considered his exploits higher than the exploits of Razumovsky and Bestuzhev-Ryumin. They received their wands before him and with less merit. Dissatisfied, the prince resigns.

However, he returns to serve after 4 years, replacing Volkonsky. Volkonsky managed to earn the respect of everyone in Moscow during his 9-month service, interrupted by his sudden death. He had a great life experience, was open. This nobleman's actions were based on common sense.

Recent years

As for Dolgorukov, he died a few years later when he took office. In 1782, the estate began to belong to his son, V. V. Dolgorukov. He also had several awards for participating in hostilities, acquired the rank of Privy Councilor to Paul I.

He married Ekaterina Baryatinsky, princess and daughter of the assassin Paul III. She was the first beauty among the courtiers of Catherine II. She was famous for her beautiful voice, grace of movements, participation in operas. Paul I exiled allthe Dolgoruky family to the village, then they moved outside of Russia. It was Catherine who became the last of the Dolgorukov family who owned the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate.

The territory of the estate has preserved only a few buildings. Once upon a time there was a beautiful house in the style of classicism. Pavilions were built in the parks, there was a hermitage, grottoes.

After the Dolgorukovs, many merchants lived in the possession until 1885.

Polyakovs

Since 1885, the merchant A. Ya. Polyakov acquired the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate. He owned a cloth manufactory, a weaving factory. After bankruptcy, the ownership passed to his brother N. Ya. Polyakov. There was a reconstruction of the main house of ownership, the expansion of the Znamensky Church. There is evidence that the owner himself liked to carry a mug with church fees. The opening of an elementary school took place immediately.

Yakov Alexandrovich Polyakov later became the director of the factory. A little later, the construction of the Fox Mountains took place - the house of the master Ya. A. Polyakov. With the death of A. Ya. Polyakov, his children immortalized his memory. A chapel was constructed over his burial.

Further destiny

In the future, this beautiful place in the suburbs attracted many cultural figures. It was owned by the nephew of the famous merchant who died here. Sergey Alexandrovich Polyakov was a man of original unique thinking.

He owned manufactories, was a mathematician, a polyglot who knew 15 languages.

Amonghis main accomplishments are poems in the style of symbolism. He was a kind of link between the creators of this direction.

After the revolution

The post-revolutionary life of this figure was tragic. Sergey Polyakov courageously held on, having lost his property. Repeatedly tried to continue his studies in the publishing house, was arrested. I made money by translating articles. In 1929 he was evicted from Moscow, all major cities were closed to him. He died at the height of the war in 1943 in Kazan, while in exile there. In Krasnogorsk, in the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate, a kind of monument to the family has been preserved. This is the tomb of the Polyakovs, it is distinguished by its unique style and beauty.

Ensemble

The idea of a wide "prospect" was once the basis of the architectural idea of the complex. On either side of it were the central building and the rest of the houses. This device was popular at the Peterhof dachas, erected by high-status courtiers in the era of Catherine II. A dacha near the Peterhof road could be built only by persons with a special rank at the imperial court. The lands were issued from the department of the palace.

The Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate currently includes a central house, several outbuildings, the 17th century Znamensky Church, a tomb, and a manager's house with a horse yard.

The temple, built in 1683, was restored a century later, and then underwent reconstruction at the beginning of the 20th century. During the reconstruction, it was supplemented with extensions of the pseudo-Russian style. In the era of the USSR, the churchworked, the upper tiers of its bell tower were destroyed.

The temple was restored in 1993, a couple of years later the bell tower was completed. Due to the loss of old paintings, all the walls were repainted in the 1990s. Since then, until now, a gymnasium has been operating within its walls.

The real delight of the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate is the tomb of the Polyakovs. It has been preserved since 1920. It is decorated with rich glazed polychrome ceramics. Its interior has survived to this day. The portal is decorated with majolica. However, at this point in time, the majestic chapel is surrounded by forests. No restoration planned.

The central building is a 20th century Neo-Empire masterpiece built on a classic ancient foundation. The main hall, vestibule, entrance hall have been preserved. The walls are decorated with decorative elegant stucco. The interior decoration is also partially preserved - ancient corner stoves, cornices. At the moment, a center for children's creativity is arranged in this building.

Special attention should be paid to the outbuildings built right after the house. Their facades are decorated with porticos with columns of the Roman Doric order. Already in the 19th century, closer to the 20th century, second floors were added to them. The residential neoclassical outbuilding has the most complex composition. With colonnade, balcony and veranda, it hides a deep loggia. It offers a beautiful view even in the current era, when a town near Moscow is located in the immediate vicinity.

Nearby is the horse yard, preserved from18th century. Despite numerous changes, he kept the particles from the original architectural design.

Like the situation with all country residences, the presented description of the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate is most fully revealed in the summer or autumn. The ocher-colored buildings are in perfect harmony with the golden autumn, which makes walking here a deep aesthetic pleasure.

How to get to the estate Znamenskoye-Gubailovo

When driving from Moscow, you need to go to the Volokolamsk highway. Drive along it past the turns towards Mitino and Ilyinsky. After leaving the Moscow Ring Road, you need to pass under the Mitinsky Bridge. After entering Krasnogorsk, move up the highway until its smooth right turn.

Already here you can see the homestead temple. It is located right next to the highway. Before turning to DK "Podmoskovye" turn to the horse yard, there is parking near the traffic police. The road leading to the manor territory starts from here.

Reviews

At the moment, reviews of the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate indicate that individual outbuildings are being restored there. The central building is adapted for the house of children's creativity. There are park alleys with urban recreation areas around. Notable sights of this park are the oldest cedars with larch, which were planted by the owners of the estate. Their age exceeds 200 years. The park area is large and clean.

In the reviews of visitors it is said that the once significant, today the Znamenskoye-Gubailovo estate representsseveral buildings that look beautifully golden in autumn, harmonizing with nature with their classic color scheme of ocher and white. One of them is open to the public and contains several modern exhibitions. An interesting exhibition of dolls, as well as rooms in a communal apartment.

And even being right on the territory of a city near Moscow, Znamenskoye-Gubailovo remained a real estate. None of the surrounding realities of the modern world could spoil this effect. However, the world is still in danger of losing the legendary estate with all its complex.