The Serednikovo estate, the photo of which will be presented below, would not stand out from a host of similar architectural monuments, if not for its fate. A number of great people who left their mark on both the political and cultural history of Russia were somehow connected with this place. Chaliapin rested here, Stolypin and his nephew Lermontov spent their childhood here, Rachmaninoff and Konyus often visited, Yuon lived for some time, Serov visited. Lenin also celebrated his rest on the estate.
The inconspicuous beginning of life
The park and estate ensemble in the style of Russian classicism begins its chronology in 1623, when these lands were granted to Prince Cherkassky. Before this event, the Dobrynsky voevodas were in charge of the area, and a little later the land became the patrimony of the Chudov Monastery, it was called Goretov Stan. Wasteland in its centerThe middle one, which subsequently gave the name to the estate. During the management of the princes Egupalov-Cherkess, and it lasted almost a century and a half, the only significant event in Serednikovo was the construction in 1693 of a stone church in honor of Metropolitan Alexy. This temple, by the way, still exists today.
In 1775, the possessions were transferred to Senator Vsevolozhsky, under whom the current appearance of the estate was basically created. Good always goes hand in hand with evil, as it happened in the history of the estate. After the death of Vsevolod Alekseevich, due to inheritance disputes, the estate was actually plundered. Its initiator was the senator's nephew, who illegally took possession and took out furniture, thoroughbred horses and cattle. The relative did not limit himself to one devastation; in parallel, he destroyed a number of historically important documents. For example, papers for the construction of a manor house. This had serious consequences. The real architect of the garden and park complex is unknown, although there are suggestions that it was Ivan Yegorovich Starov. The illegal owner brought the estate to desolation in a couple of years, during which the trial was going on. According to its results, the brother of the late senator became the owner of the new wasteland, to whom these lands were bequeathed. It was the beginning of the 19th century outside.
The arrival of the Stolypins
Sergei Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky, plundered by the efforts of his nephew, the Serednikovo estate turned out to be unnecessary, and he sold it. Over the next 14 years, the estate changed three owners, the last of which was Major GeneralDmitry Alekseevich Stolypin. The grandfather of the future reformer of the Russian Empire did not manage the estate for long - a year after its acquisition, he died. His widow, Ekaterina Arkadievna, entered into possession.
Young poet and great reformer
Not many people know, but the Stolypins were related to the Lermontovs. Therefore, the then unknown 15-year-old Misha came to Ekaterina Arkadyevna with her grandmother to visit and relax. He spent four summers on the estate, from 1829 to 1832, and during this time he managed to experience his first love and write his first poems on this occasion. Several vacations spent by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov in the estate will later play a very important role in the history of Serednikovo, however, already in our time, but more on that later.
The last of the Stolypin family who owned the estate was Arkady Dmitrievich, the father of the last reformer of the Russian Empire. In the life of this man, concerning Serednikovo, the number 7 strangely prevails. Judge for yourself, when Arkasha was 7 years old, he met his nephew - 15-year-old Misha Lermontov came to the estate for the first time. Arkady Dmitrievich already becomes the owner 7 years before the birth of his son Petya. He spends the first 7 years of his life in Serednikovo.
The father of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin, the author of the agrarian reform, sold the family nest in 1869.
Another desolation and secular intellectual life
The merchant of the first guild Firsanov bought the estate from the Stolypins. Pre-revolutionary businessmanIvan Grigorievich wanted only to earn money on the purchased land. Having cut down the forests around the estate, he recaptured the 75 thousand rubles spent on the purchase, and having sold antique furniture and decoration, he earned another 45 thousand. Once again, his daughter entered the annals of history of the Serednikovo estate, who decided to live on the land actually plundered by the priest.
Vera Ivanovna Firsanova was an educated person and a great connoisseur of art; cultural figures of Russia at the end of the 19th century often visited her. Fyodor Chaliapin, Sergei Rachmaninov, Julius Konyus, Valentin Serov and Konstantin Yuon - this is not a complete list of the names of people of art who visited Firsanov and the estate. By the way, the latter, one of the organizers of the Union of Russian Artists, liked the estate so much that he bought part of the land from Vera Ivanovna and, having settled, organized his studio here.
Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon was seduced by local views, however, as further events showed, it was not only the beauty of nature that attracted the future member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. The Soviet artist married right there, to a local native Nikitina. The last private owner of the estate was proud that the estate was associated with Mikhail Lermontov and emphasized this connection in every possible way. So, in 1890, she ordered a painting from Viktor Shtember. The artist took up the ceiling of the Oval Hall of the master's house, which he decorated based on the "Demon" by Mikhail Yuryevich. On the 100th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian poet, in the courtyard of the estate, by order of Vera Ivanovna, an obelisk was erected in honor of this significant event. Firsanova also ordered fromfamous at that time sculptor Anna Semyonovna Golubkina bust of the poet. The work of art, as soon as the sculpture was cast, was delivered from Paris to Serednikovo. However, the dawn of the estate did not last long. The revolution deprived Firsanov of the rights to the estate - it was nationalized.
In the field of medicine
The first and last historical figure who visited the estate during the Soviet period was the leader of the revolutionary movement Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. He rested at the estate in the summer of 1919. 6 years after his departure, the first medical institution in its history was formed on the basis of the estate. In 1925, a sanatorium for the nervously ill opened its doors. It existed until the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
Children became the first residents of the estate during the war years. The pioneers were "lucky" - in July 1941 they were evacuated from the Artek camp near Moscow, and at the end of the summer the guys were again taken away from the hostilities - near Stalingrad. How the fate of the poor children developed is not known for certain, but what was done was necessary. Already in the fall, the Serednikovo estate, located just 25 kilometers from the capital, became one of the lines of defense. In the garden of the estate there are still traces of fortifications erected there, and the bell tower of the Temple in the name of Metropolitan Alexy was dismantled so as not to be a landmark for Nazi artillery and aviation.
All these preparations helped - the Germans did not occupy Serednikovo, for a long time before entering the estate there was an enemy tank, knocked out by the defending soldiers of the Red Army. ATThe buildings of the estate itself housed the second medical institution in its history - a military hospital. When the front moved, and the course of the Great Patriotic War was turned, partisans began to be trained on the territory of the estate for their further dispatch to Belarus, which was still occupied by the Germans. When the need for the headquarters of the partisan movement of this republic disappeared, the Serednikovo estate dropped out of history for a short time. Only a year after the end of the war, she was again remembered. The third medical institution began to function on the basis of the former estate - the anti-tuberculosis sanatorium "Mtsyri" was opened. It existed until the very collapse of the Soviet Union, after its closure, the already dilapidated buildings of the estate were abandoned for several years. Another wasteland began to form on the territory of the once beautiful family nest of the Stolypins.
Helping hand through the ages and new life
Saved from the complete destruction of Serednikovo Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. And in the literal sense. The organization headed by him in 1992 leased the estate for 49 years. Since that time, they began to call the estate "Lermontov's estate - Serednikovo." Mikhail Yurievich, in question, is alive and well today. He is the full namesake and distant relative of the great poet. The organization headed by him is called Lermontov Heritage. 4 years spent by the writer in his youth with the Stolypins saved their family nest from complete destruction. For the next ten years, the tenant was engaged in restorationestate territory. Today, the entire park and estate ensemble appears before visitors in its original form. The central house and its 4 two-story outbuildings have been restored; they are connected to them by colonnades. There is also a former barnyard and a pseudo-Gothic stable on the site. A park with a pond and bridges (the most beautiful of them is the four-arched "Devil's"), as well as the central alley and its staircase, have been brought into proper shape. All this is open to visitors. In one of the most famous Lermontov places, as Serednikovo is called by its landlords, you can take a walk and go on excursions to the main building and the temple. The church, erected by the Circassian princes, still stands today, however, it has changed somewhat since the time of construction. During the restoration in 1860, a three-tiered bell tower was added to it.
Forward - to the glorious past
The Serednikovo estate is popular not only among vacationers, but also among representatives of the film business. The estate is constantly used for location shooting. The Serednikovo estate can be seen in such historical and not only films and TV series as "Admiral", "Poor Nastya", "Yesenin", "Closed School", "Notes of the Expeditor of the Secret Office". Many of the scenery erected by "filmmakers" prefer not to be dismantled by the management of the estate. At their base, the "Pilgrim Porto film town" was opened, which can also be visited by everyone.
Serednikovo estate. How to get to this historic site?
You can get to the estate from the Leningradsky railway station, by train. go outfollows on the square. Firsanovka, then, after passing the railway, take bus number 40. You need to get to the final stop on it. It is called "Sanatorium "Mtsyri"". This is where the Serednikovo estate is located. Address: Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, pl. Firsanovka.
