Moscow and its environs is a place with unique architecture. Viewpoints offer views of renovated stadiums and modern Moscow City. But the special value lies in its ancient districts and parks. It is here that every tourist can feel the atmosphere of the majestic city, breathe in the fresh air of the park alleys, enjoy the beautiful scenery and relax.
Muscovites tend to go to their dachas as the weekend approaches, while those who failed are looking for a quiet place for nature walks with their families. For these purposes, Moscow city estates are very suitable, where you can take a walk in the open air and learn something new and interesting. Their appearance dates back to the 15th century. Manor - a house surrounded by a park and buildings of economic importance. Moscow estates were often original cultural centers of the capital. After the October Revolution, most of them were looted. Subsequently, some particularly outstanding ones were restored and transferred to the status of architectural monuments or museums. An easy way to find estates on the map is by districts of the Moscow region (often the names are the same).
Bykovo Estate(Vorontsov-Dashkov)
Main attractions: the stunning beauty of the main house, the Hermitage, a church, a park, buildings for servants and household needs. The style of the main house of the Bykovo estate in the Moscow region and the Hermitage is a free combination of European style and rationalism. The area got its name due to the fact that cattle were fattened and slaughtered in its fields for subsequent transportation to Moscow.
History of the estate
The first owners of the estate were nobles of the Vorontsov family. The estate was presented to them by Peter the Great for faithful service to the Russian State. Later, by decree of Empress Catherine the Great, the house was transferred to the possession of Izmailov. From that moment began the history of the estate, which has come down to our days. Catherine II was not impressed with the decoration of the main house, so the new owners decided to reconstruct it. The famous architect Vasily Bazhenov was involved in the work. There was no actual evidence of the participation of the famous architect in the construction of the building, since Bazhenov fell out of favor and was distracted from all the plans he had begun. Authorship is established by the characteristic style of buildings and the fact of many years of cooperation between Mikhail Mikhailovich Izmailov (the owner of the estate) and a talented architect.
Three reservoirs were excavated on the territory of the estate. Decorative buildings were located in the garden and its environs: fountains, statues, an air theatre. Secular meetings were held in the Hermitage, evenings were held, enjoying the playing of musicians.
In memory of his deceased wife MikhailMikhailovich erected a wooden church. It received its name in honor of the icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir. The architect of the building was Matvey Kazakov. It is noteworthy that the facade of the church is decorated with a bas-relief depicting the owners: Mikhail Mikhailovich and his wife Maria Alexandrovna. The beginning of construction falls on 1783, the church today is a monument of world architecture. It looks elegant and light, in 1830 a bell tower was attached to it.
The main house was reconstructed after a fire in 1812 by the architect Bernard de Simon. The mistress of the house was Irina Ivanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova. This lady aspired to luxury and dreamed that the estate would surpass in its beauty the estate of the imperial court. De Simon rebuilt the house in the English style, changed the furnishings and purpose of the interior. On the northern facade, under the cornice, the arms of the Vorontsov and Dashkov families were placed. At the bottom are lily flowers and pink buds, at the top are figures of angels and military weapons. The inscription in Latin reads: “The loy alty of the family is unshakable.”
Later, during the October Revolution, the estate was plundered and a tuberculosis sanatorium was placed in it. Of the additional buildings, only one pavilion has survived. Currently, the territory of the estate is fragmented and is in the department of organizations, none of which takes responsibility for the preservation and restoration of this unique historical place.
How to get there: from the Vykhino metro station and the Kuzminki metro station, bus 424, Khram stop. By train from Kazanskystation, station "Udelnaya", then by bus 39 or 23 to the stop "Temple". By car: Ryazanskoye highway, turn to Bykovo 8 km, drive to Zhukovsky and Bykovo, then drive straight through Bykovo and at the traffic lights, between Bykovo and Zhukovsky, turn right, then turn right again onto st. Highway and take it straight to the temple.
Zakharovo estate (Moscow estate of Pushkin)
Location - Odintsovo district. Another name is the Moscow estate of Pushkin. The boyar Kamyshin became the first owner of the land. He received these lands as a gift for good service at the beginning of the 17th century. Later, the owners changed several times. After some time, Maria Hannibal became the mistress of the estate. She was the grandmother of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the genius of Russian literature. By the time she acquired the estate, she no longer lived with her husband and devoted her free time to her grandchildren. Maria Alekseevna instilled in Pushkin a love for the Russian language, because the poet wrote his first poems in French. The poet's grandmother spoke the purest Russian, many contemporaries noted the beauty and richness of Maria Alekseevna's speech. This fact influenced the work of the future writer.
Pushkin himself was very fond of the estate, from the age of six he spent every summer here. The poet's favorite place was an old shop under a tree near a pond. There, the future great poet and writer first got acquainted with his native literature, legends and epics.
I see my village, My Zakharovo; it
With fences in the wavy river
With a bridge and a shady grove
The mirror of the waters reflects…
These lines are a dedication to the estate.
She was sold when the young poet was twelve years old and it was time to leave and get an education.
Now visitors have the opportunity to walk along those same alleys, breathe in the air, sit under the linden trees by the pond, just like Pushkin once did.
The estate belongs to the state and has acquired the status of a museum-reserve to them. A. S. Pushkin. Literary and musical meetings, poetry evenings are held here. The Pushkin Festival is held annually. There are three museums in the park: a palace and two outbuildings. Their construction dates back to the 18th century. The Church of the Transfiguration is also remarkable; its appearance dates back to the end of the 16th century. The main house is an exact copy of the house where Alexander Sergeevich spent his childhood. Unfortunately, the original has not survived to our time.
How to get there: by train from the Belorussky railway station to the station. Zakharovo or to st. Golitsyno, then bus 22, 65 or minibus 22 to the Zakharovo stop.
By car: 44th km. Mozhayskoye highway, turn to Zvenigorod, 2 km to Zakharovo.
Goncharovs' estate (Yaropolets)
This estate is located near the city of Volokolamsk. The settlement where its territory is spread has an old name - Yaropolets. The manor is a unique architectural monument. The palace and park ensemble consists of two estates, a park, a beautiful church, monuments and museums.
Initially, the territory of the estate belonged to Petro Doroshenko, Hetman of Ukraine. Later, the territory was divided into two parts, most of which was sold to Count Chernyshev. The rest was inherited by the hetman's descendants. One of these descendants was the mother-in-law of the brilliant poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Natalia Ivanovna Goncharova.
The poet himself visited the Goncharovs' estate Yaropolets in the Moscow region twice. Natalya Goncharova, Pushkin's wife, came to visit her mother with her children. The Goncharovs owned the estate for several more generations. During the revolution, Elena Borisovna Goncharova obtained a safe-conduct for the estate. The area was given the status of a museum-reserve, the property, the house and all the buildings on the territory were then saved. But not for long. In 1924, the estate was ruined, under the pretext of a lack of space, the museum was closed and given over to a boarding school. Some buildings were torn apart by bricks by local residents.
Today the estate has been restored and transferred to the Moscow Aviation Institute. The room where Alexander Sergeevich lived was restored from photographs, birthday celebrations of Pushkin and Natalya Goncharova, literary and musical evenings are held in the estate. In 1994, the film "The Young Lady-Peasant Woman" was filmed on the estate.
How to get there: from the Rizhsky railway station by train to Volokolamsk, then by bus 28 to Yaropolets.
Ostankino Estate
In the middle of the 16th century, the area was called Ostashkovo, and since 1584 it belonged to the clerk Vasily Shchelkalov. Fame MoscowThe Ostankino Museum-Estate received during its ownership by the Sheremetev family from 1743 to 1917.
Historical facts
The famous theater appeared in the Moscow Ostankino estate thanks to Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev. He decided to embody the idea of creating an arts center in his possessions. He created a unique library, a theater that had no equal at that time, and an art gallery. The theater building was built of wood and, thanks to its horseshoe shape, had excellent acoustics. The famous serf actress of the late 18th century, Praskovya Zhemchugova, performed on the stage of the theater; later she would become the wife of Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev. The art gallery contains a collection of works by famous artists of the 18th-19th centuries.
The building itself was built of wood, all the details of the decor were also wooden. At the same time, the work was so skillfully done that outwardly they looked like they were created from expensive metals and stones. Interior items in the house, such as chandeliers, chairs, etc., were created specifically for the Ostankino estate on an individual order. Holidays were organized in the estate, performances by Russian and foreign authors were staged on the stage of the theater. The decoration of the theater has been preserved, and performances and operas are held there, music of that time is played.
At the beginning of the 19th century, with the departure of the Sheremetev family from Russia, the estate passed into the possession of the state, and the Moscow Ostankino Estate Museum was created. The architectural ensemble of the estate consists of a palace, the Church of the Holy Trinity, the Front Courtand park. All elements are architectural monuments and cultural heritage sites. There are exhibitions on the territory, the Sheremetyevo Seasons music festival is regularly held.
How to get there: VDNH metro station, then take tram 11 or 17 to the final stop "Ostankino". From M. "Alekseevskaya" by trolleybus 9 or 37 to the stop "Koroleva Street".
Orlovskaya Estate (Otrada)
Located in the Stupinsky district. This place became famous thanks to the owner - Vladimir Grigorievich Orlov. He was the youngest of the brothers, an associate of Catherine the Great. Vladimir was known as a calm person, fond of cultural life, well-versed in the sciences and loving solitude. After the death of his parents, he was brought up by his brothers and received his education abroad. At the age of 23, thanks to his liveliness of mind and progressive views, Vladimir Grigoryevich received the post of assistant to the President of the Academy of Sciences, Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky. Later, for he alth reasons, Orlov had to leave the Russian Empire again. During the journey, he made acquaintance with cultural and scientific world celebrities and until the last days he corresponded with some of them.
Vladimir Grigorievich called the estate - Otrada. He called it nothing more than “my castle.”
The main palace was built in the English style, the decoration of the house was deprived of excessive luxury. Severity and asceticism distinguished the estate. Vladimir Grigorievich arranged social events and musical evenings here. Famous writers, great minds visited the housethat time.
The master's house of the Oryol estate in the Moscow region was surrounded by a wonderful garden. Vladimir Grigoryevich ordered to bring deer into it, so that even the garden would resemble the estates of English lords. Fruit-bearing trees grew in the garden: apricots, plums and rare pineapples for that time.
The estate was framed by a carved fence, at the main entrance statues of lions towered on columns (later, at the beginning of the 20th century, the statues disappeared without a trace). Above the gate of the main entrance and at the main entrance of the palace, the coats of arms of the Orlovs' house were placed - images of two eagles and two lions. Vladimir Grigorievich also had his own serf theater, where performances were regularly given. Invitations were sent out to the most famous neighboring families. As in all estates, the Oryol estate has its own temple - the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. When Count Vladimir Grigoryevich passed away, a family crypt was created on the estate - the Assumption Church-tomb.
Now the building of the Oryol estate in the Moscow region is in a dilapidated state. The territory was given over to the FSB sanatorium. The sanatorium itself was built as a separate building, and no one takes care of the old manor, and access to it is problematic. Only the church is available for visiting.
How to get there: by train from Paveletsky railway station to the station. "Mikhnevo", then by bus to the stop. FSB Sanatorium.
By car: take the A108 highway. Stupinsky district, Semenovskoye village.
Golitsyn Manor (Bolshiye Vyazemy)
Located near Zvenigorod in the village of Bolshie Vyazemy. The Golitsyns were neighbors with A. S. Pushkin, the poet often visited their estate, studied the rich library. On the territory of the Golitsyno estate in the Moscow region, near the temple, there is a burial place for a boy who died six years old. The boy's name was Nikolai Pushkin - he was the brother of the genius poet's mother.
The history of the estate can be traced back to the time when the lands were granted to Boris Godunov. He laid the foundation for the construction of a temple in Bolshiye Vyazemy. Unique frescoes of the 16th century have survived to this day.
The master's tower was erected (at that time it was built from a wooden frame), outbuildings, a fair. The construction of the monastery began. Until now, only the remains of the fortress wall have survived.
In the middle of the 17th century, the lands passed into the possession of a courtier from the Golitsyn family, the tutor of Peter the Great. Boris Alekseevich and his descendants managed the estate until the revolution of 1917. The great-grandson of Golitsyn, Nikolai Mikhailovich, made the greatest contribution to the arrangement and external decoration of the main house and park. Two outbuildings were built, one was used as a kitchen, and servants lived in the other. A large spacious master's house was also erected, a park with three alleys and ponds was laid out. Plums, cherries and apricots are planted in the greenhouse. Nikolai Mikhailovich began to collect the famous Golitsyn library, had a penchant for collecting. The house had collected a lot of antique interior items, porcelain dishes of amazing beauty.
Later the estate passed to his brother, whose wife wasthe famous secular lady, the beloved maid of honor of Catherine the Great - Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna. This woman in her younger years was unusually beautiful, she was very proud of her marriage and considered the name Golitsyn to be the oldest in the Russian Empire. Pushkin had an acquaintance with one of Natalya Petrovna's great-nephews, who told him a combination of cards that allegedly allowed him to always win. This secret was revealed to him by Princess Golitsyna. So Alexander Sergeevich came up with the idea of the novel The Queen of Spades. Natalia Petrovna became her prototype.
An interesting fact: during the Patriotic War of 1812, Field Marshal Kutuzov and Emperor Napoleon arrived at the estate in turn. In this regard, the estate was almost not damaged during the war. The estate has a memorial sign dedicated to these events.
In 1917, like most people of the nobility, the owners left the estate. A boarding school was made in it, during the war years an infirmary. The unique collection of printed publications was fragmented, and the books were sent to the libraries of Moscow and Zvenigorod. Rare specimens of household items, collections of paintings, furniture were taken to museums. Later, in the post-war period, various educational institutions were located in the main house. The territory of the Golitsyno estate in the Moscow region is a museum.
How to get there: by train from the Belorussky railway station to the station. "Golitsyno", then bus 38, 50, minibus 38, 79, 1055 to the stop "Institute". Or walk 20 minutes.
By car: 44th km of Mozhayskoye Highway.
Voskresenskoye Estate
Location - Leninsky district of the Moscow region. At present, only memories remain of the former splendor, only an abandoned park has survived. In the 18th century, the estate belonged to the famous noble family of the Bestuzhevs. Representatives of this dynasty sought to preserve the state, but they were not interested in village life. The heads of families were engaged in foreign policy, therefore they were often absent in the Russian Empire, they were engaged in secular life purely in the interests of the state, and receptions and receptions in their house were rare. At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was sold to Alexander Vasilyevich Sukhovo-Kobylin, the grandfather of the famous playwright and philosopher.
Since 1910, the estate came under the control of Nikolai Karlovich von Meck. He served as Chairman of the Board of the Moscow-Ryazan Railway. As an active person, Nikolai Karlovich began the reconstruction of the estate with all zeal. The estate has turned into a modern architectural ensemble. Wooden buildings were replaced with brick ones, water supply and electricity were installed. Household buildings were located on the territory, horses and cattle were bred.
Now the Voskresenskoye estate in the Moscow Region has been irretrievably lost. Only the abandoned park has survived.
In closing
The Moscow land is full of beautiful places, and they would have been even more remarkable if the 1917 revolution had not passed through them. Unfortunately, most of the noble nests were ruined, interior items, unique collections, furnishings and even fragments of interior decoration were stolen ordestroyed. In addition to those described in the article, there are many more wonderful places in Moscow and the region, for example, the estates of the Pushkinsky district of the Moscow region, the popular ones are Arkhangelskoye and Tsaritsyno. Perhaps in the future it will be possible to restore at least the external decoration of the preserved palaces. For now, we can observe what the most famous Moscow estates looked like from the photos that have survived to this day. Nevertheless, we have the opportunity to touch history, to breathe in the air of times. And on a fine day off, you can take your family to the Moscow region and visit famous places.
