Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is the oldest settlement. It was founded by the Vyatichi Slavs about a dozen centuries ago. The settlement was burned twice - both times during the attack of the Tatar-Mongols. In the first case, this was done by Batu, who besieged Kozelsk for seven weeks. The second time it was burned on the orders of Khan Almat several centuries later.
Kaluga region, city of Kozelsk. General information
At all times, the inhabitants of the settlement steadfastly endured the hardships that fate brought them. After both burnings, Kozelsk (Kaluga region) was restored in spite of the enemies. In 2009, he received an award from the President of the Russian Federation. It became the City of Military Glory.
Features
Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is located on the left bank of the Zhizra. This river is a tributary of the Oka. Kozelsk is located 72 kilometers from Kaluga. The climate here is quite mild. The weather in Kozelsk (Kaluga region) in early September is sunny and warm. The air temperature is about 20 degrees during the day.
Historical information. First mentions
Formerly Kozelsk(Kaluga region) (his photo is presented in the article) was part of the Chernigov principality. The first mention of it dates back to the beginning of the XII century. Mstislav Svyatoslavich was the first prince of Kozelsk. He died in battle with the Mongols. At the beginning of the 13th century, the city defended itself for seven weeks from the troops of Batu Khan. After he was burned. Later, the city became part of the Karachev Principality.
Further development
In the XIV century, Tit Mstislavich Kozelsky took part in the battle in the Shishevsky forest. In 1480 the city was incorporated into Lithuania. At this time, he was burned on the orders of Khan Akhmat. This was done in order to take revenge on Casimir IV, who did not send his troops to help the Horde for a joint campaign. At the beginning of the 18th century, Kozelsk turned into a county town. He was then part of the Moscow province. Later he belonged to the Kaluga governorship.
Life during the USSR
In the 1920s, the settlement became the regional center of the Sukhinichsky district. In 1944, Kozelsk became part of the Kaluga region. During the Second World War, the settlement was occupied by the German invaders. Later, the Belevsko-Kozelskaya operation was carried out. The city liberated the Guards Cavalry Corps.
Infrastructure Features
Kozelsk (Kaluga region) is a fairly small town. However, there are many places where guests can eat and stay overnight. There are a large number of hotel complexes in the city. Among them:
- "Housepilgrim".
- "Vityaz".
- "Kars".
Currently, a lot of tourists stay in these establishments. Most of them come to the city to visit Optina Pustyn. It also has a hotel complex. There are many religious monuments in the city.
Restaurants and cafes
There are a large number of such establishments in Kozelsk. Following the example of other settlements of the country, there is also a version of the "Vstrecha" cafe. Gourmets should look into the cafeteria "Rainbow" and the dining room "Kozelsk". Travelers can enjoy delicious meals at reasonable prices.
Kozelsk. Optina Pustyn (Kaluga region). General information
The complex is a famous male monastery. Its foundation dates back to the end of the 16th century. Later it turned into one of the spiritual centers of Russia. At the beginning of the 20th century the monastery was closed. It functioned as a museum for a long time. At the end of the century, the Russian Orthodox Church returned the monastery to itself.
Historical background
The monastery is located a few kilometers from the city. In 1931, the Rest House named after A. I. Gorky. After the institution was reorganized by special order of L. Beria. Since then, the Kozelsk-1 concentration camp has been located here. Several thousand Polish troops were sent here. They were kept here while waiting for the exchange of prisoners of war between the USSR and Germany. officersshould have returned home. However, in 1940 they were all shot at Katyn. During the Second World War, the monastery began to function as a hospital. Later, it was decided to create here a checkpoint and filtration point for soldiers who were released from captivity. In the post-war period, a military unit was located here.
Modern realities
Currently, the complex is undergoing extensive work to restore the temples. Here is the revival of monastic life. Now the complex has again become an object of pilgrimage. Many believers come here every year. They pray and venerate the relics of the Optina Elders.
Sightseeing activities and attractions
Now there are seven temples on the territory of the complex. Among them:
- Vvedensky Cathedral. It is the main temple of the monastery. Located in the heart of the complex.
- Temple in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. It is the largest in the complex. Its walls are decorated with numerous frescoes.
- Church in honor of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. It was restored over a decade ago. In it, as well as in the above, the relics of the saints are stored.
- Church in honor of St. Hilarion the Great. It is located outside the complex. The temple is located in the same building as the refectory with the hotel. The dead are buried here and baptismal rites are held.
- Temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "The Conqueror of Bread". Located in the utility area of the complex.
- Temple in honorTransfiguration of the Lord. The building was erected in a new location. There had never been a temple there before. The relics of the saint are also kept here.
Currently, several more temples are being restored on the territory of the monastery. Some of them have already been consecrated. There is a skete behind the monastery grove. Now ten monks live there. The entrance to this place is closed to visitors.
Optimal route selection
The monastery is located in the Kaluga region, a few kilometers from Kozelsk. Buses from the capital leave every day. They depart from the metro station "Teply Stan". About ten flights are made every day. The first bus leaves at 7:00. Some of them make a stop directly at the monastery itself, the rest follow to the bus station. From there you need to take a shuttle bus. Passengers spend about five hours on the way. The ticket price is around 450 rubles.
