Nikolaev region of Ukraine with the center in the city of Nikolaev as an administrative unit emerged in the fall of 1937. Today it has a territory of 24,598 sq. km, on which there are 19 districts, 822 villages, 17 urban-type settlements, 9 large cities. Mykolaiv region is inhabited by more than one million people.
Historical past
The late Paleolithic period is the time when the lands of the Northern Black Sea region were first settled by Scythians, Greek colonies, Sarmatians. In 1415, the Lithuanians founded the Ochakiv fortress here.
Since 1526, the Turks have been conquering southern Ukraine, the territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers. They call her Yedisan. This area existed in the Ottoman Empire until 1774. After the Russian-Turkish war, the territory of Edisan passes into the possession of Russia, and 18 years later, under a reconciliation agreement, Turkey assigns the western territory from the Southern Bug River to Russia.
BaseNikolaev falls on July 1788. Over time, this territory passed from one region to the possession of another. Under the German occupiers, this land is part of the Kherson province. Since 1922, the Nikolaev lands became the Odessa region. 1937 is marked by the official assignment of the status of an administrative unit to the lands. The Nikolaev region appears. After the Great Patriotic War (since 1944), this administrative name was assigned to this territory.
Economy of the region
Moderate continental climate, black earth soils, abundance of rivers contribute to the development of agriculture. More than 2 million hectares of Nikolaev lands are agricultural land, of which arable land covers an area of 1.7 million hectares.
Grow here mainly grain crops, sugar beet, sunflower, vegetable and gourd plants. In addition, gardens, grapes are bred, fodder crops are planted. They are also developing meat and dairy farming.
The abundance of rivers, ponds, reservoirs are prerequisites for the formation of a fishing industry, and access to the sea contributes to the development of tourism and shipbuilding. The latter area is represented by three large shipbuilding organizations: "Chernomorsky Shipbuilding Plant", "Shipbuilding Plant named after. 61 Communards”, “Damen Shields Ocean”.
More than 60 industrial enterprises are located on the lands of Mykolaiv (engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy, food, light industry). Mykolaiv region plays a huge role in the overalleconomy of Ukraine (3.6% is the share of the region in the country's foreign trade turnover).
Natural we alth of Nikolaev lands
Over time, 5 borders of the Nikolaev region were formed: from the east - with the Dnepropetrovsk and Kherson regions, in the north is the Kirovograd region, the west borders on the Odessa lands, and the south washes the Black Sea. Nikolaev possessions capture the forest-steppe and steppe zone, but most of the land is located on the Black Sea lowland.
The map of the Nikolaev region is dotted with 85 rivers, most of which are drying up. The largest are the Southern Bug, Ingul, Ingulets. Thanks to the rivers and the sea, 4 shallow bays (estuaries) are formed here: the Dnieper-Bugsky, Tiligulsky, Bugsky, Berezansky. In addition, 13 thousand hectares of the Nikolaev territory are occupied by ponds, reservoirs and other reservoirs.
The territory is also rich in forests. More than 70 thousand hectares are covered with forests, dominated by oaks, pines, poplars, acacias. The north of the region is rich in ordinary black soil, and the south is saturated with chestnut and dark chestnut soils.
The region is also rich in mineral resources: construction, sawn stone, granite, sand, limestone, kaolin, cement and clay-tile raw materials.
Districts of the Nikolaev region: Arbuzinsky and Voznesensky
The administrative city of the Nikolaev region is Nikolaev. The region is divided into 19 districts.
- Arbuzinsky. Its areais over one thousand square kilometers. Three rivers flow through this territory: Southern Bug, Arbuzinka, Mertvovod. Here is the famous landscape park with the remains of ancient mountains on the river lowlands. This park - "Granite-Steppe Bug" - contains about a hundred ancient archaeological sites that have survived before our era. Through these lands passes the reserved tract "Trikratsky forest" with an area of 247 hectares, where two-century-old oaks grow, gray herons live in colonies, there is a favorite lake of all fishermen, forests are planted in a labyrinth with all kinds of paths, bridges.
- Voznesensky. Covers an area of 1392 sq. km. taking into account the natural park "Pobuzhie". 4 rivers flow through the territory: Southern Bug, Arbuzinka, Mertvod, Rotten Elanec. The rural population predominates.
Domanevsky, Pervomaisky, Novobugsky, Vralievsky
- Domanevsky. The territory of the district is 1458 square kilometers. 4 rivers flow through these lands: Southern Bug, Chertala, Chichikleya, Bashkala. The park Granite-Steppe zone also passes through this area.
- Pervomaisky. Covers an area of 1319 sq. km. Two rivers flow through the region: Sinyukha and Southern Bug. The territory of the natural park "Pobuzhie" passes through these lands. More than 66 thousand people live. The city of Pervomaisk, Mykolaiv region, occupies a leading position in industry (engineering, food production, as well as milk and canning, clothing, and diesel production).
- Novobugsky district is located on the territory of 1243 squarekilometers. Two rivers flow through these lands - Ingul and Sofiyivka. On the territory of the district there is a park "Priingulsky" with an area of 3152.7 hectares. In his possessions there are two nature reserves ("Sofievsky reservoir", "Pelageevsky") and the church of St. Michael's Convent.
- Vradievsky. Occupies 801 sq. km. Two rivers flow through the territory: Kodyma and Chichikleya. The M-13 international highway (also called Poltavka) and the Kotovsk-Pervomaisk railway line pass through the district.
Nikolaev region: Elanetsky, Berezansky, Ochakovsky districts
- Elanetsky district has 1018 square kilometers. The Rotten Elanets River flows through the territory. The Elanetskaya Steppe nature reserve with an area of 1675.7 hectares passes through the district, where from April to October you can sign up for an excursion to learn the history of the nature reserve, get acquainted with its flora and fauna, visit the zoo.
- Berezansky. The area of this district is 1378 sq. km. In the east of the land is the Berezan Estuary. Also, the territory is in contact with the borders of the Tiligulsky Estuary, where the Tiligulsky Regional Landscape Park is located, the peculiarity of which is in a unique ecosystem. Firstly, marine natural landscapes have been preserved here, secondly, there is a unique flora and fauna of the water area, and thirdly, this estuary is the cleanest body of water in the Black Sea region.
- Ochakovsky. Occupies 1488 sq. km. There are two estuaries (Dnepro-Bugsky, Berezansky) and the popular archaeological and historical reserve "Olvia". The city of Ochakov is a port of the Black Sea.
Veselinovsky, Bratsk, Zhovtnevy, Novoodessky
- Veselinovsky district has an area of 1245 square kilometers. Two rivers flow through the territory: the Southern Bug and Chichikleya. The area is dominated by the rural population. On the site of the village of Pokrovka, there was once a fortress from the early Middle Ages, but it has not survived to this day.
- Brotherly. The area of this area is 1129 square meters. km. Two rivers flow through the territory: Mertvovod and Kostovataya. There are no special attractions, except that the famous Soviet and Ukrainian folk artist, playwright, theater director Saksagansky Panas Karpovich and inventor, electric welding engineer Benardos Nikolai Nikolaevich were born in this area.
- Zhovtnevy. Covers an area of 1460 sq. km. Two rivers flow: Southern Bug, Ingul. The district is home to 55 thousand people with a predominance of the rural population.
- Novoodessky district has 1428 square kilometers of area. The Southern Bug River flows here.
In all the above areas, the villages of the Nikolaev region in terms of total population prevail over cities and large urban-type settlements.
Krivoozersky, Nikolaevsky, Bashtansky, Bereznegovatsky, Kazanovsky, Snigirevsky districts
- Krivoozersky. Covers an area of 814 sq. km. The Southern Bug River flows with a tributary of the Kodyma. Special natural monumentsthe district does not have, but is known for the fact that the famous Soviet major general, hero of the USSR, Eremeev Boris Romanovich, was born here.
- Nikolaevsky district of the Nikolaev region covers an area of 1430 square kilometers. The river Southern Bug flows. The city of Nikolaev is a port of the Black Sea. The M-14 international motorway and the E-58 highway pass through the administrative city.
- Bashtansky. The area of this area is 1706 square meters. km. Two rivers flow through its territory: Ingul and Gromokleya. The settlement population prevails.
- Bereznegovatsky. Covers an area of 1264 sq. km.
- Kazankovsky. The area of this region is 1349 square kilometers. The Visun river flows through the territory.
- Snigirevsky. Occupies 1395 sq. km. The river Ingulets flows through its territory. About 48 thousand people live.
Summary of conclusions
Natural we alth determined the activities of the Nikolaev region: fishing and agriculture, industry, shipping, shipbuilding, tourism. The region is equipped with road, rail, water transport, there are local airlines. This territory is significant not only in terms of the number of natural attractions, but also plays a significant role in the economy of the whole country (share: 3.1% - export, 1.4% - import).
Today, the region is dominated by the urban population (68%). Most of all there are representatives of such nationalities as Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians, Moldovans, Bulgarians. Also onThe territory of the region is inhabited by Armenians, Jews, Koreans, Azerbaijanis, Germans, Tatars, Poles, Gypsies. The official language is Ukrainian and Russian.
Only one Nikolaev region (Ukraine) combines in a small area 89 nature reserves, differing in landscape, enterprises of various industries (51% of all regions of the country) and historical architectural sights (historical military facilities, ancient Greek ruins, museums, church, 18th century cemetery).
