Nature of the Perm Territory. Plants and animals of the Perm region

2024 Author: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:06

Perm Territory is a land of amazing nature, taiga forests, picturesque mountains, gorges, caves, fast rivers and clear lakes. Here is a stunning diversity of the country's landscape, a considerable number of rare plants and animals. The nature of the Perm Territory, the original culture of the region have attracted travelers since ancient times.

A bit of history

Until the beginning of the 18th century, the region, which included vast lands from the sources of the Kama to the Ural Mountains in the west and east, and from the upper reaches of the Pechora in the north to the Chusovaya River in the north and south, was called Great Perm.

The first who showed interest in this great land were Novgorod merchants. In the XIV century, they had rivals, the Moscow principality began to encroach on this region. After a major military campaign of Prince Ivan III in 1472, Perm the Great became the first territory in the Urals, which forever became part of the Russian state. The rapid development of the Perm Territory has been marked since this important historical event. There are more and moreRussian settlements. The development of new lands noticeably intensified by the middle of the 16th century, when merchants and industrialists Stroganovs settled here.

The variety of natural resources and the nature of the Perm Territory attracted new settlers. Today it is one of the largest industrial regions of Russia with a multifaceted cultural heritage and stunning natural sites.

At the junction of Europe and Asia

The region, located at the junction of two parts of the world, practically covers a fifth of the Ural economic region. The location of its territory in the Kama basin provides it with access to five seas through a special system of canals - the White, B altic, Caspian, Black and Azov.

Animals and flora

The peculiar "border" location of the region influenced the formation of its flora and fauna. Animals of the Perm Territory are mainly represented by typical European species. About 60 species of mammals, over 40 species of fish, 270 species of birds, as well as several species of reptiles and amphibians live here. Of the predatory animals, the pine marten is the most widespread, there are foxes, wild boars, wolves, wolverines, badgers, and ermines. There are moose, bears and lynxes here.

The common hedgehog, muskrat, mink are rather few in number and need protection.

The region is replete with lakes, rivers, swamps, overgrown floodplains, forests. Black grouse, capercaillie, tits, crossbills, hazel grouses are common in the forests. Migratory birds include thrushes, swallows, starlings.

Plant worldalso very varied. It varies depending on the regions of the region. The most common plants in the Perm Territory are pine, spruce, larch, fir, and cedar pine. They form entire taiga expanses stretching for hundreds of kilometers.

In the southern regions, deciduous and coniferous forests are combined. There are such broad-leaved species as oak, elm, elm.

In the north and in the center of the region there are heavily swampy areas. The slopes of the Ural Mountains are covered with coniferous forest. The extreme north-east of the region is stone kurumniks and poor tundra.

On the territory of the Perm Territory grow more than 130 species of plants that are under state protection. In the Kama region, there are two nature reserves and several wildlife sanctuaries. Considerable attention is paid to the flora and fauna of the region.

The growing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment leads to a decrease in the number of many rare animals and plants, to the fragmentation of populations and even to the complete disappearance of a number of their species. Specially created official guides, such as the Red Book of the Perm Territory, contain descriptions of the known reasons for their decline in numbers, consider hazard factors and a number of measures to restore populations.

Unique edge

Despite urbanization, Perm the Great still feels the breath of antiquity. Sufficiently expressive traces of the Great Migration of Peoples, the legacy of ancient Russian architecture, mining civilization, legends and traditions, nature and wildlife seem to be united into oneinteger.

Perm Krai has great potential for various types of tourism, regardless of the time of year. The geographic position of the region also contributed to this. People are attracted by the variety of landscapes, interesting history, and, of course, unique monuments created by the very nature of the Perm Territory. Photos of unique landscapes, interesting and mysterious places never cease to fascinate with their extraordinary beauty.

There are 325 specially protected natural objects on the territory of the region, which are under special protection. These are historical and natural complexes, natural monuments and others. Of these, two territories stand out, which are natural reserves of federal significance. These are Vishera and Basegi.

The most valuable natural monuments of the Perm Territory are presented in the Cherdyn region. There are many of them in the Bolshesonovsky, Solikamsky, Chusovsky, Krasnovishersky districts.

Natural monuments and natural areas of regional importance of the region are divided into the following types:

• landscape (White Moss, Vetlan and Talkative Stone rocks, Stone Town),
• geological (Orda and Gubakhinskaya caves),
• hydrological (Ermakov spring),
• zoological and botanical (Zyukaysky precipice, Veslyanskiy pine forest),
• historical and natural complexes (Kungur cave, Grafsky and Kuvinsky pine forests).

All of them are included in the list of protected natural objects.

Stone City

Stone Town is recognized as one of the most popular and unique natural monuments. Unusual beautythe spur of the ancient Ural ridge, known as the Rudyansky spoy, can be seen near the villages of Shumikhinsky and Usva. The ridge looks like an elongated ridge about 19 km long. One of its peaks is Stone Town. This name was given by tourists. For the locals, it's the Turtles. The Stone City is often also called the Devil's Settlement.

The bizarre rocky remains of the natural monument formed a whole string of corridors and tiers on a hill in the middle of the forest. They give the impression of a city: narrow streets and wide avenues, dead ends. According to one version, they were cut by one of the ancient rivers. And one of the many legends says that once it was a wonderful city, the stunning beauty of which could not be seen only by the blind daughter of the king. Once an evil sorcerer offered to heal the princess. The king agreed, but just at the moment when her sight returned, the city turned to stone.

Natural monuments of the Perm Territory in the area of Usva station are not limited to Stone Town. The famous Usva Pillars and the Sukhoi Log Caves also deserve a visit.

Usva Pillars

Unique stone pillars, stretching for several kilometers on the Usva River, are rightfully considered one of the most attractive places for tourists. This is a huge stone massif composed of limestones. On its pillars there are imprints of ancient corals and other fossils, clearly indicating that there was a sea here millions of years ago.

Unique shapes of rocks dotted with grottoes and caves. Some of them, like the Stolbovoy grotto, served in the distant pastshelter for people.

Like a magnet attracts tourists to the rock, which was nicknamed the Devil's Finger. Its structure and dimensions are amazing. A rock mass 70 meters high is held on a thin "leg". He seems to demonstrate his inaccessibility and independence. This is one of the favorite places for rock climbers.

Orda Cave

In the depths of Kazakovskaya Mountain, which is skirted by the Kungur River, there is the longest underwater cave in the country and the second longest in Eurasia - the Ordinskaya cave. On the surface of the mountain, more like a hill, there are large karst funnels, one of which is the entrance to this inconspicuous corner of the wild.

This is the world's largest gypsum cave. It consists of the so-called "dry" (300 m) and underwater (4600 m) parts. Its high vaults, clear deep lakes, numerous grottoes have been explored by speleologists. Orda cave is often called the mecca of cave divers.

Kungur cave

This is one of the most famous natural monuments of the region, located on the right bank of the Sylva. In the mysterious bowels of the Kungur cave, the Ural winter reigns forever. Even on hot summer days, it retains the icy decoration of its underground grottoes due to its special microclimate. The enchanting realm of people and snow is the result of the imperceptible work of water, lasting several thousand years. The huge cavities and tunnels of Ice Mountain are interconnected by a string of corridors. The total length of all its passages is 5700 meters. It contains 70lakes and 58 grottoes. Some of the underground halls of the cave are up to 20 meters high and up to 100 meters across. Many grottoes are richly decorated with ice crystals, stalactites and stalagmites. The most beautiful decoration can boast of Diamond and Polar Grottoes.

The first plan of the unique geological monument was drawn up in the 18th century by the cartographer S. Remezov from the words of local residents, who were the first guides for those thirsty for unusual adventures. It was far from perfect and changed several times. Now 1.5 kilometers of underground galleries are equipped for visiting tourists.

Kungur cave at any time of the year leaves a lot of unforgettable impressions. She is one of the brightest creations of Nature, created only from ice and water.

Wetlan stone

The nature of the Perm Territory has also created such a unique monument as the Vetlan stone, located on the Vishera River. This feature is a sheer cliff system extending to an altitude of 1750 meters.

At the top of the Vetlan-stone there is an observation deck that opens up a unique panorama of endless distances. There are usually tourists traveling around Vishera.

Vishera Nature Reserve

The reserve, located in the northeastern part of the Krasnovishersky district, is considered the most beautiful corner of the Northern Urals. Here are the highest peak of the region - Tulymsky stone (1469, 8 m), the most picturesque ridges of Listvennichny, Isherim, Put-Tump, Molebny and many others. From their peaks, magnificent views open up, and mountain lakes lurk on the slopes withcrystal water. The mountain rivers Malaya and Bolshaya Capelin, Vishera, Niols with rifts and rapids, beautiful waterfalls flow through the territory of the reserve.

Here, in their original beauty, forests and territories occupied by kurums, stone collapses that form stone seas and rivers, have been preserved. Of the animals here, sable, elk, bear, beaver, marten, beaver and many others are common. There are about 150 species of mycobiont (lichens), 100 different species of mosses, 500 vascular plants in the reserve. For their preservation and accounting, the Red Book of the Perm Territory was specially created, dedicated to rare endangered plants, birds and animals only of the Kama region. Her list includes whooper swan, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, merlin, tundra partridge, eagle owl and many others.

The reserve also has a unique point of the Urals - the convergence of the watershed spaces of the three great rivers - the Volga, Ob and Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi is a picturesque mountain range rising among the endless expanses of taiga, on the western spurs of the Ural mountain range. In the old days it was one, now it is made up of three separate peaks - Northern, Southern and Middle Baseg. The forests in their area amaze with their untouched beauty. This is a reference object of natural taiga ecosystems.

Middle Baseg - the highest point of the reserve (994 m). On its peaks, slope terraces are clearly expressed, in some places covered with forest and kurums. Blocks of stones sliding down their slopes are covered with multi-colored scale lichens in the formkind of colorful pattern. And the remnant stones standing alone and their whole clusters resemble various figures and animals.

The name of the reserve is derived from the Northern Russian word "Basque", the meaning of which is "beautiful". A mountain-tundra belt runs along the top of the mountain range, below which there are stunning subalpine meadows. These are places where rare animals of the Perm Territory are concentrated, as well as the rarest plant species.

You are responsible for your native land…

The nature of the region is sung in the works of many famous writers who visited the Kama region. The cultural space at the beginning of the last century was formed here around small factory settlements. Talented managers invited musicians, writers and other representatives of the creative intelligentsia to stay with them. So, for example, the appearance of the village of Vsevolodo-Vilva was formed thanks to the philanthropist and manufacturer Savva Morozov. B. L. Pasternak and A. P. Chekhov stayed and lived here at different times.

The beauty of the region could not but hurt the "singer of nature" K. G. Paustovsky, who visited Solikamsk and Berezniki. The writers of the Perm Territory also sang it. Much has been written about the nature of the Urals, its history, and culture by P. P. Bazhov. His works seem to embody the soul of this glorious, great land, the image of which runs through all the writer's work.

The miniatures and stories of V. P. Astafiev seem to be imbued with the thought “you are responsible for your native land, for your small homeland, for the world in which you live.”

Great Perm

The nature of the Perm Territory is amazing. Picturesque caves and unusual rocks, coastal cliffs formed as a result of the activity of rains and winds, water flows are monuments created by Nature itself.

In the recently approved regional project "Great Perm", considerable emphasis is placed on presenting the natural beauties of the region as a visiting card of the region. The diversity of the landscape contributes a lot to the development of tourism, active adventure recreation with a rather unique historical and cultural content.

This project represents the Kama region as a single tourist area, consisting of the White Mountain, Usva, Parma and Ashatli clusters. Theme parks are planned to be combined into a single international route, creating it according to the Golden Ring principle.

Well, this is a unique opportunity to appreciate the richness of the natural, cultural and historical values of the region.