Kadashevskaya Sloboda - a historical and cultural area located in the Moscow region, was first mentioned as the village of Kadashevo and reached its peak under Alexei Mikhailovich. On its territory in Lavrushinsky Lane there is the famous State Tretyakov Gallery and a museum at the Church of the Resurrection of Christ.
Ancient history of Kadash
Kadashevskaya Sloboda in Moscow was formed on the high road that passed through the Moskva River near the mouth of the Neglinnaya. The road, which repeatedly changed its main route, passed near the modern Polyanka.
The historical center of the settlement was originally considered the church of St. Cosmas and Damian of Asia, located on the site of a modern square. She was near the crossing over the Moscow River.
On the east side, around the 15th century, a more modern center was formed near the Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi, the first mention of which dates back to 1493. The temple building was rebuilt in 1680 andconnects the bell tower of Ivan the Great with the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye. It was in the subsequent Voskresenskaya street, which passed next to the temple, that it became the main street of Kadashi.
Between the 15th and 16th centuries, Tolmacheskaya Sloboda, previously located closer to the east of Ordynka, joined the territory of modern Kadash from the south. Nikolaevskaya became the main street. During this period, the territory of Kadashi was completely built up, and settlements of Cossacks, archers, as well as foreign mercenaries were formed. There was a lot of free space between the village of Kadashi and other villages, and the village itself was surrounded on all sides by a wooden fence.
There were several versions as to who owned the field. According to one version, it was a huge public pasture for cattle located within the city, which was considered at that time a sign of the special position of the village. According to another version, a large trading area was located on the territory.
Starting from 1622, a weaving center was formed in Kadashi. The village became the sovereign's hamovna, supplying patterned linen fabrics to the court. Jewelers and artists worked together with weavers and seamstresses. Thanks to the exemption from duties and taxes, trade flourished. In 1658, Alexei Mikhailovich founded the sovereign Khamovny Dvor in Kadashevskaya Sloboda, which has become one of the most significant ensembles of modern Moscow.
At the end of the 17th century, the settlement flourished, marked by the construction of temples, but soon it lost all its privileges and began to decline. Peter I, having founded a linenplant in Preobrazhensky, abandoned production in Kadashevskaya Sloboda. In 1701, a mint began to operate on the site of the Khamovny Dvor. In addition to traditional money and new modern coins, special signs were minted here, indicating the payment of taxes.
Modern history of Kadash
The master plan for the reconstruction of Moscow in 1935 implied the construction of a wide front boulevard, framed by large-scale new building blocks. However, this project was never implemented.
In 1973, local authorities approved the rationale for several protected areas in the very center of Moscow, one of which was Kadashevskaya Sloboda. Since that time, standard, mass building has been excluded. Until the end of 1990, only the expansion of the Tretyakov Gallery was carried out.
In the period from 1990 to 2000, point construction was carried out in the village of Kadashi, distorting the architecture of the old settlement. High-rise buildings appeared in place of 1-2-storey buildings. And on the site adjacent to the Church of the Resurrection, the construction of a large residential complex is planned. Today, the business center "Kadashevskaya Sloboda" operates, which works in the field of business development.
Expansion of the Tretyakov Gallery and destruction of Kadashevskaya Embankment
Over the years, Kadashevskaya Sloboda was gradually rebuilt. The Gospodskaya Sloboda was reconstructed for the first time in 1983, and it continued until 2010. During this period, the expansion of the Tretyakov Gallery took place, and all the treasuresmuseum were stored in the building of the Lavrushin depository.
At the end of 2007, plans were made public for building up the northern part of the Tretyakovka quarter and Kadashevskaya embankment. According to the existing project, the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery should be such that it does not merge with the general architecture, but precisely indicates the place where the country's main art gallery is located.
In the post-war years, some houses on the embankment were demolished, and the remaining buildings were declared an architectural monument. In 1994, despite public outrage, the architectural monument was demolished. In its place, in 1999, a 2-3-storey facade was then built.
What is Kadashi village famous for
Kadashevskaya Sloboda is a weavers' settlement, located in Zamoskvorechye in ancient times. To get to the village, one had only to cross the river opposite the Kremlin.
The village has become known since the 18th century, but the history began much earlier. The village of Kadashi was mentioned in the will of the Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. The name of the village refers to its main production, as the locals made tubs. At one time, the cultural and educational center "Kadashevskaya Sloboda" was considered one of the most beautiful places in Zamoskvorechye. Despite the mass construction, many old houses have survived to this day. However, if mass building continues to be carried out, then all the beauty of the village can only be seen in the paintings of artists and old photographs.
Features of the settlement
The area called Kadashi is mentioned in the will of Ivan III, drawn up in 1504. There are many opinions regarding the name of the village. Many believe that it reflects the main occupation of its inhabitants - the production of tubs, but this is not documented in any way. The name of the village may have come from the ancient word "kadash", meaning a comrade who is a member of a free community.
The first information about the production of weaving products in the village of Kadashi dates back to the beginning of the 17th century. At that time, weavers-hamovniki made linen for the needs of the court, while they lived in a separate settlement. It was one of the largest in Moscow. The inhabitants of the village were allocated a large plot of land, and depending on its size, the number and type of weaving products that they were obliged to produce were determined.
The inhabitants of the settlement enjoyed various privileges, which gave them the opportunity to engage in fishing, trade and even travel abroad. Many rich people lived in Kadashevskaya Sloboda, who built stone houses for themselves.
What is the settlement famous for
"Kadashevskaya Sloboda" is a modern unique open-air museum located on the territory of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in the village of Kadashi. The museum got its name from the craft village, which was located in Zamoskvorechye opposite the Kremlin. The museum complex includes:
- Church-monument of the Resurrection of Christ;
- bell tower;
- museum exhibition located in several buildings;
- art and craft workshop.
Kadashevskaya Sloboda is a museum attached to the current church. It was founded in 2004 and was based on unique archaeological finds discovered on the territory of the temple during repair work.
Main monuments and sights of Kadashi
Kadashevskaya Sloboda is beautiful and rather unusual, photos can only partially convey the beauty of the complex, which is why it is worth visiting this amazing museum to see everything with your own eyes. It is here that many amazing sights are located. In addition to the Church of the Resurrection and the Tretyakov Gallery, in Kadashi you can see:
- ownership of Fedosya Evreinova's cloth factory;
- city estate of the XVIII-XIX centuries;
- Church of the Icon of Our Lady;
- a shelter for widows and orphans of Russian artists;
- Empire house of the merchant Savelyev.
The history of Kadashevskaya Sloboda is quite ancient, and during all this time the village has been rebuilt and modernized.
Main exhibitions
The exposition of the Kadashevskaya Sloboda Museum consists of an ancient archaeological collection, as well as a general artistic, ethnographic and church section. The church section consists of a collection of unique crosses, namely altarpieces, underwear, Old Believers, and reliquaries. Also on the territory of the museum there are domed crosses and metal lattices from the destroyedtemples collected in the 30s. The collection also includes early printed church books, ancient utensils and priestly vestments.
The ethnographic section consists of expositions dedicated to the Moscow nobility and the life of merchants. Also here you can see painted spinning wheels, homespun cloth, peasant clothes, a loom. You can learn about the life of local residents from the specially equipped Merchants' Living Room, which reproduces the interior of an old living room of a merchant's house to the smallest detail.
Many of the exhibits were donated to the museum by the parishioners of the church themselves, who seek to preserve the remnants of the color of the old Kadashi and convey their beauty to visitors. Due to the ongoing development, old estates and cozy lanes are gradually disappearing.
Church of the Resurrection of Christ
The temple in the village of Kadashi was originally made of wood and was first mentioned in the letter of the Moscow governor Ivan Yuryevich Patrikeev. The stone temple was built already in 1657, and then rebuilt several times.
Every tourist is surprised by the shape of this temple, its swiftness, airiness strikes. Its bell tower, as it were, stretched out a little towards the sky. A tour of these picturesque places allows you to get a complete picture of this amazing historical corner of old Moscow.
Interesting and exciting tour
Museum "Kadashevskaya Sloboda" invites tourists who can see the greatest monuments of civil and church architecture, as well as learn many interesting and entertaining stories,associated with this area.
The tour passes through the proud Kadash, the famous Tolmachi with a visit to the Tretyakov Gallery. During the tour, you can learn the history of the founding of the cultural complex, and the program also includes a visit to the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, where you can enjoy the view of the unique exhibits.
Museum "Kadashevskaya Sloboda": address and reviews
To visit the historical and cultural complex, you need to know its address. It is located at 2nd Kadashevsky lane, 7, metro stop "Novokuznetskaya", "Tretyakovskaya".
Reviews from visitors to this museum are only the most positive. Tourists remember the warm, sincere, pleasant atmosphere reigning in this complex. Thanks to a visit to the village of Kadashi, there is an opportunity to learn a lot of interesting and useful information about the construction of the village and the life of local residents from the moment of its foundation. It is worth visiting this amazing village to admire the local architectural ensemble.
