Dagestan, translated from Turkic - "country of mountains", is an autonomous republic of Russia. Its capital, the city of Makhachkala, is considered not only one of the largest cities in the North Caucasus, but also the most beautiful. Parks, theaters, numerous shady squares, carefully protected architectural monuments - all this gives the city a special flavor. And the cordiality and hospitality of the townspeople make tourists want to come to this wonderful corner of the Earth once again.
History of the city
In the place where the current capital of Dagestan Makhachkala is located, in ancient times there was a trade route from the regions of the Volga region to Persia. In the 7th century, the magnificent city of Semender, which was the capital of the Khazars, stood there. Prophetic Oleg was going to “revenge” them, but his distant relative, Prince Svyatoslav, did it. In 966, he completely destroyed the city. In 1722, during his campaign against Persia, approximately in this place, not far from the town of Tarki, but closerto the sea, Peter I set up his camp. In 1844, a military fortification was erected here. They called it Petrovsky in memory of the great sovereign. The convenient location favored the fact that the fortification quickly developed and was upset. Already in 1857 it became known as the city of Petrovsky. Its production expanded, the population grew rapidly. In 1870 a port was built here, in 1876 a brewery, in 1878 a printing house, and in 1894 they began laying railway lines to Vladikavkaz and Baku. In 1918, Petrovsk was renamed Shamil-Kala, wishing to perpetuate the memory of the national hero Imam Shamil. Since 1921, the city has been named after the Bolshevik Magomed-Ali Dakhadaev, who was popularly called Makhach.
Where is Makhachkala on the map of Russia
Makhachkala is located on the territory called Anzhi-Kala, which is translated from Kumyk as "diamond city". This is a small strip of lowland between the Caspian Sea and Mount Tarki-Tau. Five kilometers away is the town of Tarki, which also has its own remarkable history and its attractions. Tarki is mentioned in the chronicles of the 7th century. Then it was a small village. By the beginning of the 17th century, it became the capital of the Shamkhalate of Tarkovsky. During the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, Tarki was considered the largest city in Dagestan. The geographical location of Makhachkala is amazing. It stands right on the shore of the Caspian Sea, which does not freeze in winter, not far from the mountains of the Greater Caucasus. A little further along the coast is the city of Kaspiysk, and inland from the sea -Leninkent.
Administrative division of Makhachkala
The capital of Dagestan is municipally divided into three districts: Leninsky, Kirovsky and Sovetsky. Leninsky occupies the south-eastern part of the city. There are several central avenues here - the name of Imam Shamil, A. Sultan, Peter the Great, Gamidov. Also here is the Peter the Great Square with the Dragon amusement park for children and adults. Leninsky district is decorated with a wonderful lake and two modern hotels "Ak-Gel" and "Petrovsk". There are many shops and transport routes here. Makhachkala Airport also belongs to the Leninsky district.
The city center belongs to the Soviet district. On its territory there are Mount Tarki-Tau, the historical part of Makhachkala and the famous Juma mosque. Here is the central railway. railway station and Makhachkala lighthouse.
Kirovskiy district is territorially the largest. In his department is the north of Makhachkala and many suburbs, up to the famous island of Chechen.
City Water Basin
The capital of Dagestan is famous for its rich natural resources. On the territory of the city there are three unusually beautiful lakes. In the Kirovsky district, Vuzovskoye Lake, slightly elongated in shape, splashes. On its banks, a microdistrict of the same name with modern infrastructure is being built. In the Leninsky district, not far from the sea, there is a fairly large lake Ak-Gol. It is known for its rounded outlines and an amusement park located right on the shore. A little norththere is a small lake Mud with therapeutic mud. A 20-minute drive from Makhachkala lies the seaside town of Kaspiysk, on the border of which there are two more wonderful lakes - Big and Small Turali. The territory of Makhachkala is crossed by two rivers - Tarnair and Talginka (the second name is Cherkes-Ozen). Beautiful embankments are built on their banks. Also in the city there is a man-made river - a canal named after the October Revolution.
Climatic conditions
The capital of Dagestan, the city of Makhachkala, is located in a natural zone with a temperate continental climate. Summer is hot here, with an average air temperature of +24 degrees, and water - +22 degrees. In some years, the air temperature from May to October can be kept within + 30 … + 38 degrees. There were also especially cold periods in the history of the city, when the summer temperature did not rise above +10 degrees. Winters in Makhachkala are moderately cool, with a minimum air temperature of -2 degrees. Unusually cold winters also occur very rarely in the region. So, the lowest temperature of the winter months is fixed at around -26 degrees Celsius. Precipitation in Makhachkala usually falls evenly throughout the year. Only in July and August their number is slightly less than in the rest of the time. The winds in this area are also moderate. Their average speed is only about 4 meters per second. The proximity of the mountains creates not quite favorable seismic conditions in Makhachkala. The largest earthquake here was in 1970.
Transportation
IncludedRussia's Dagestan is a republic. The capital of this autonomous territorial unit - Makhachkala - has air and rail links with major cities of the Russian Federation. From Makhachkala airport you can fly to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Sochi and some other cities. International flights are carried out to Dubai, Istanbul, Baku, Bishkek. Railway transport connects Makhachkala with Moscow, St. Petersburg, Astrakhan. In addition to long-distance trains, there is a commuter service to Derbent and Khasavyurt. Makhachkala has a commercial seaport and two bus stations. The city transport system is represented by trolleybuses and fixed-route taxis.
Museums
The capital of Dagestan, Makhachkala, treats its history with care. The city has the Museum of Military Glory of Dagestan, the Museum of the History of Theaters of the Republic, which is currently being replenished with new exhibits, the Historical and Architectural Museum. It presents 150 thousand exhibits, among which are ancient, very valuable manuscripts and archaeological excavations. It is known that the first settlements appeared on the territory of Makhachkala in the 2nd century. Until now, the city has experienced natural and political disasters more than once. Their testimonies can be seen in the museum, considered the largest in the North Caucasus.
The Dagestan Aul Museum, located in the center of the city, is of great interest. Here are exhibited household items of indigenous Dagestanis, the interior of their dwellings in different eras, clothes, weapons. The youngest Museum of the History of the city in Makhachkala. It is interesting because it was created by ourselvestownspeople. They donated most of the exhibits.
Almost in the center of the city there is another museum - Fine Arts. Here is a unique collection of arts and crafts, considered the largest in the world.
Attractions
In addition to unique museums, Makhachkala has many monuments, wonderful parks, shady alleys and squares. At the station square, all visitors are greeted by a monument to Makhach Dakhadaev. The people of Makhachkala also immortalized the memory of the five-time world champion Ali Aliyev. The monument to the Russian teacher is of constant interest among tourists. The grave of Rasul Gamzatov is located in Makhachkala. He is buried next to his wife Patimat.
One of the most famous sights is the Central Juma Mosque. In Makhachkala, this is one of the most visited places. Juma was built in the style of the Blue Mosque in Istanbul. Every year it increases in area, but at the same time its geometric proportions and aesthetic harmony are preserved. Three more mosques are located in Tarki. A little higher is the historical fortress Burnaya. The Holy Assumption Cathedral functions in Makhachkala for Orthodox believers.
Theatres
The capital of Dagestan can rightly be called a city with high creative potential.
Theaters in Makhachkala occupy an important place in the life of citizens and always attract tourists. Drama Theater Gorky was the very first to form in the city. It happened at the dawn of the Sovietauthorities - in 1926. For many years, world-famous performances have been successfully staged here, famous artists have worked. Musical Drama Theatre. Tsadasy was created in the 30s of the last century in the village of Khunzak. Since 1968 he has been in Makhachkala. In addition to the Avar, the city has the Kumyk Musical Drama Theater named after. Salavatov, Laksky Music and Drama Theater. Kapiev, puppet theater, opera and ballet, "Jislam" - song theater.
Sanatoriums
Very beautiful and interesting for tourists the city of Makhachkala. Photos of its sights, streets and squares clearly demonstrate this. It is also famous for its he alth resorts. One of them is the sanatorium "Talgi". It is located a 15-minute drive from Makhachkala, in the picturesque Talginskaya valley, near Mount Kukur. Vacationers here are waiting for modern buildings, an excellent medical and diagnostic center, attentiveness and hospitality of the staff. The musculoskeletal system, nervous, skin and gynecological diseases are treated in Talgi.
About half an hour drive from Makhachkala is the sanatorium "Kaspiy". Its buildings are built right in the forest, on the coast of the Caspian Sea. The curative forest air, the healing waters of the Caspian Sea and the magical energy of the mountains perfectly combine here. Also in Makhachkala there are sanatoriums "Dagestan", "Tarnair" and two children's medical and he alth centers.
