Kingdom of Jordan (Arab country Jordan) is a state in the Middle East. It was founded relatively recently in 1946. Officially, the name of the state sounds like the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Here is a new wonder of the world - Petra (ancient city). There are only seven such objects worldwide. These include famous architectural structures.
Short description
Jordan (the country of Jordan) is lost in the east among the deserts, which occupy more than 90% of the entire territory of the state. It borders Syria to the north, Iraq to the northeast, Palestine to the west, and Saudi Arabia to the south and east. In the west, the country is washed by the Dead Sea, in the south-west by the Red Sea. The border between Jordan and Israel is the river. Jordan. The area of the state is only 92.3 thousand square meters. km, the capital is Amman. It ranks 110th in the world in terms of area.
Let's look into history
Thanks to archaeological excavations, it was found that the firstpeople lived on the territory of Jordan (in the Jordan Valley) 250 thousand years ago. These were Neanderthals and ancient Homo sapiens. This is evidenced by the found remains and tools. In ancient times, the territory belonged first to the Greeks, and then to the Roman Empire. At this time, the first cities began to be built - Amman, Pela, Dion, Jarash. In the Middle Ages, Jordan (the country of Jordan) was part of the Arab Caliphate. During this period, Islam was planted here. From 1517 to 1918 it belonged to the Ottoman Empire, and at the beginning of the 20th century it passed to Great Britain. Jordan gained independence only in 1946
Climatic features and relief
Most of the territory lies within the borders of a desert plateau with an average height of 800-1000 m. There are low hills and mountains. The highest point that Jordan (the country of Jordan) has is the city of Umm ed-Dami (1,854 m). On the local territory there is a unique geographical object - the lowest land on the planet - the Dead Sea (-465m).
Jordan is a country with a hot and arid climate. Deserts have a great influence on its formation. Precipitation is only 200 mm/year. Only in the western part of the country, due to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, there is a more humid climate and a rainy season in autumn.
Population
Population density - 68 people per 1 km2. About 9 million people live in Jordan. For many Palestinian refugees, the Arab country of Jordan has become home. The population allows Jordan to take 106th place in the world.
The vast majority (95%) are Arabs. Circassians, Armenians, Kurds, Chechens also live in the country. By religion, the majority of the inhabitants are Muslims (more than 90%), 6% are Christians (Orthodox, Catholics, Protestant societies). The rest belongs to religious minorities - Ismailis, Baha'is. There are practically no atheists in the country.
Language and controls
The official language of Jordan is Arabic. It conducts office work, documentation, publishes newspapers, speaks on television and on the radio. However, a long period in the British kingdom also left its mark - English is also widely spoken in the country, which is studied in schools.
Jordan (country of Jordan) is a kingdom where the form of government is a dualistic monarchy. The head of state is the king. He has the executive power, and the legislative power is limited to Parliament. Currently, the king of Jordan is Abdullah II, heir to the Hamish dynasty - direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. He is also the commander-in-chief.
Administrative divisions and transport
According to the administrative-territorial division, Jordan is divided into 12 regions (governors). Each region is headed by a governor who is appointed by the king. Regions, in turn, are divided into districts. There are 52 of them in Jordan.
Transport in the country is developed. There is a large airport not far from the capital, a railway line passes through the territory, and in cities and between thembuses run.
Economy
During its existence, Jordan has experienced many economic crises. In the late 90s, with the coming to power of a new king, the country embarked on a course of various reforms in all spheres of life. Despite the fact that it belongs to the Middle East region, there are no oil and gas reserves here. Also, the economic situation is aggravated by the inability to develop agriculture due to the lack of fertile land. Of the minerals in the kingdom, there are a large number of deposits of phosphates, marble, limestone, dolomite and s alt.
Tourism in the country is developing, but at a slow pace. Travelers are repelled by the region's reputation for being politically unstable - that's how the media portrays the situation in Jordan. The Arab country of Jordan, whose sights are known all over the world, is an interesting destination for Russians. The most frequently visited by tourists are the Dead Sea, the ancient city of Petra, the Siq canyon, the place of the baptism of Christ, the temples of Zeus and Artemis.
