Moscow is a huge living organism that grows and develops. Almost every year new streets appear on its map. However, there are also "veterans" in the city. These are the streets along which the ancestors of native Muscovites moved 200-300, and maybe even more years ago. Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya is one of them. It has a long history and preserved buildings that make the architectural appearance of the Russian capital unique.
Location
Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street is located in the Western Administrative District of Moscow on the territory of the district, to which it has recently given its name. It starts from the Borodinsky Bridge near the Kievsky Station Square and runs past the T. Shevchenko Embankment to Kutuzovsky Prospekt. On the left, Second Bryansky lane and st. Mozhaisky Val, on the right - Ukrainian Boulevard and First Borodinskaya Street.
Dorogomilovsky district
The area with this name has been known since the 13th century. It was the estate of the boyar Ivan Dorogomilov and was originally located in anotherplace, on the left bank of the Moscow River. In the 16th century, a Yamskaya settlement was founded opposite it. Its name - Dorogomilovskaya - was soon transferred to the area located in the bend of the Moscow River. As part of the capital in the Soviet period, it with adjacent courtyards territorially belonged to the Kyiv region.
After the administrative reform carried out in 1991, the Kutuzovsky and Dorogomilovsky municipal districts were created. After 3 years they were united. Later, in 1995, as a result of the adoption of the relevant law, the Dorogomilovo district was formed.
History before the 20th century
From the end of the 16th century, Dorogomilovskaya Street was the main one in the settlement of the same name. It acquired particular importance when in 1742 the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft was built, which performed customs functions. At that time, Dorogomilovskaya Street ended at the gate of the outpost of the same name, which is the "gateway" to the Mozhaisk highway. Soon the epithet "Big" was added to its name. Its appearance was due to the fact that as a result of the development of the adjacent territory, a parallel street appeared, called Malaya Dorogomilovskaya.
For a long time, the area, which today is limited by the Third Ring Road, Berezhkovskaya and the Taras Shevchenko embankment, was the outskirts where the poor settled. For decades, no improvement work was carried out there, although a few hundred meters across the river there was a comfortable and “ceremonial” Moscow.
Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street, built up with poor peasants' huts, was repeatedly flooded during floods. most destructivehappened in 1879, when the waters of the Moscow River rose by 3 arshins, which is 213 cm. All basements were flooded, and residential buildings in the lowlands were also damaged. Some even ended up in the water completely and after it disappeared they were not suitable for recovery.
Early 20th century
In the middle of the 19th century, the era of coachmen came to an end. It was due to the fact that Moscow was connected by rail with Europe and with cities located in the eastern provinces of the country. In the summer of 1899, the Bryansk (now Kyiv) railway station was opened. This event led to the fact that Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street in Moscow became one of the busiest in the capital, as cab drivers drove passengers of the railway along it all day. Soon, intensive development of the surrounding area began, mainly with 2-storey wooden houses.
In 1908, the territory of the modern Dorogomilovsky district again suffered from devastating floods. It was so powerful that the Bryansk station had to be closed, and trains were forced to depart from Brest.
Although from the end of the 19th century it was possible to get from Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street to the center of Moscow by horse-drawn tram, it could not meet the needs of the population of the district, whose population reached 100 thousand people, in public transport. As a result of an appeal to the City Duma in 1909, a new tram line was launched from Dorogomilovskaya Zastava. In addition, kerosene incandescent lamps were installed along the route of the wagons, which werethen a novelty for Russia.
In 1912, in preparation for the celebration of the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812, the city authorities began to discuss the issue of renaming Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street to Kutuzovskaya. However, the idea found opponents, and as a result, the old name was retained.
During the Soviet period
In the first half of the 1930s, the street was reconstructed, and the second trolleybus route in the capital was launched along it. At the same time, the tram line was moved, and the Epiphany Church, which had existed there since the 16th century, was destroyed. Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street itself was significantly expanded. Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, of the buildings, the construction of which was planned according to the project for the reconstruction of the area, only houses No. 1 and 5 were put into operation. The rest of the buildings that can be seen today mainly appeared in the 1950s and 60s and even later.
Obelisk "Moscow - Hero City"
This main decoration in the area of Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street appeared there in 1977. The obelisk "Moscow - Hero City" 40 meters high is lined with gray hewn granite and crowned with a large five-pointed gold star with a wingspan of 2 meters. It is installed on an artificial hill, poured in the center of an oval platform. At the foot of the obelisk, on separate pedestals, there are 3 5-meter granite sculptures depicting a worker, a soldier and a worker, who embody the unity of the front and rear.
Remarkable architectural objects on the street. BigDorogomilovskaya
Moscow is a city where there are many residential buildings that are associated with the names of famous cultural figures, politicians, scientists and military leaders. For example, Alexander Tvardovsky once lived in house No. 1. In memory of the poet, a memorial plaque was installed on its facade in 1977. The building itself is also noteworthy, since it was from its construction that the reconstruction began, thanks to which Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street in Moscow acquired its modern look.
House N 6 is also of interest. It has an original silhouette and stands out among other buildings with unusual architectural elements in the constructivist style.
House N 5 Building 2
As already mentioned, in the 1930s, Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street began to radically change its appearance. That is why, although its history spans more than one century, you will practically not see buildings of the pre-revolutionary period on it. One of the few survivors is building No. 5, building 2. The four-story building was built of brick in 1914 according to the project of architect A. M. Gurzhienko as an apartment building for 8 apartments. Today it houses the Kocherga anti-cafe.
House N 9 and the building at Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya, 10
The street in question was in different years the place where such famous figures of Soviet cinema as the actress V. Telegina, film directors Mikhail Kalatozov, S. Gerasimov and A. Stolper lived. All of them were neighbors in house No. 9, which was built in 1954, and did not suffer at all.star disease, like modern cinema figures. In particular, they could often be seen in shops located in the neighborhood, for example, in the building at Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya, 10 (building 1). Even today, there are many retail outlets, consumer service establishments and financial organizations, which is very convenient for residents of nearby houses, and the School of the Embassy of the Republic of India in Moscow operates in the second building.
