The history of Moscow cannot exist without the history of the streets that make up its past, present and future. Bolshaya Ordynka is a reflection of the human destinies of rulers and priests, poets and artists, merchants and architects, revolutionaries and ordinary hard workers, who eventually determined the current appearance of the street. It is like a chronicle, according to which you can follow the historical events taking place not only in Zamoskvorechye, but throughout Moscow.
The emergence of the name
Bolshaya Ordynka appeared in the XIV century and is one of the most ancient streets of the capital. There are two main versions of the origin of its name. The first is that a path once ran along it, along which they carried the tribute collected in Russia to the Khan of the Golden Horde. The second and, according to historians, more reliable version is that the Horde lived here, whose duty it was to deliver tribute drawn from the Russian principalities to the Horde.
History
Even in Moscow, it is quite difficult to find a place that has survived as many historical events as Bolshaya Ordynka Street has seen in its centuries-old history. The Crimean Khan once passed along itDavlet Giray, she still remembers the Time of Troubles and the Napoleonic fire of 1812, as well as the revolutionary events of 1917.
Its first inhabitants were "hard people" who transported the tribute collected on the territory of Russia to the Golden Horde, and also interpreters - translators from the Tatar language. After the suburban way of life was abolished, the petty nobility, the middle clergy, merchants and artisans began to settle here. In the very center of Moscow, land prices were high, and therefore inaccessible to these people, and plots beyond the Moskva River were cheaper. Some buildings from those times are still standing.
At the end of the 19th century, several tenement houses appeared that worked until the October Revolution itself, and later st. Bolshaya Ordynka became one of the most criminal areas of Moscow, where all the Zamoskvoretskaya riffraff gathered.
During the Great Patriotic War, the street was partially destroyed by bombing. New buildings were built on the site of completely destroyed buildings, while the old ones were not touched.
It must be said that it has hardly changed, despite the fact that during the existence of the Soviet Union the capital itself as a whole has changed a lot.
Where is it
Bolshaya Ordynka is located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow, which stretches from Serpukhov Square to the Small Moskvoretsky Bridge. This is the central street of Zamoskvorechye. Its length is relatively small and is only 1.73 km, but it has a large number of historical monuments - five temples, several estates, mansions and profitablehouses. It is believed that this is the only street that managed to save all the churches built on its territory.
Catherine's Church on Vspolye
It is located at No. 60/2, Bolshaya Ordynka, Moscow. The first mention of a wooden temple dates back to 1612. In those days, arable lands that were outside the city were called vspolye, so the Catherine Church was an eyewitness to the battle between Dmitry Pozharsky and Hetman Khodkevich. Some historians believe that the main battle of the Time of Troubles took place here, which became the beginning of the liberation of Russia from the Polish invaders.
The baroque temple that has survived to this day was built in 1766-1775 according to the project of C. Blanca. He built a new task next to the old one and united them with a bell tower.
The Church of the Great Martyr Catherine survived not only the Time of Troubles, but also the invasion of Napoleon, but under the Soviet regime it was closed, and the bell tower was dismantled. For some time, its premises were used as workshops.
Now Catherine's Church is under the control of the Orthodox Church in America. Icons of Russian and American saints are placed side by side, and services are sometimes held in English.
Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow"
The stone church was built in 1683-85 on the site where the church of St. Varlaam Khutynsky once stood. By 1791, several extensions were made, including a three-tiered bell tower, designed by the architect V. I. Bazhenov inclassicism style. In 1836, the architect Bove O. I. rebuilt the temple again, but in the Empire style. Later, during a fire in 1812, it was damaged, and then it was renovated two more times - in 1814 and 1904.
Under the Soviet regime - in 1933 - the temple was closed, and all the bells were removed. During the Great Patriotic War, the storerooms of the Tretyakov Gallery were kept in its building. In the late 1940s, the temple was reopened for worship. Now he has a spiritual and educational center called "Ascension".
At the moment Bolshaya Ordynka is not being rebuilt. It was decided to restore it in order to preserve the centuries-old history in this reserved corner of Moscow. According to the plan, after the restoration, a reserved historical quarter of the pre-Petrine era will be created here - a kind of open-air museum.
