Russian seaports are scattered across 3 oceans and 12 seas and on the shores of the world's largest lake - the Caspian Sea. Their total cargo turnover averages at least half a billion tons per year. The figure is impressive, but compared to other ports in the world, this is not much. The reason for this is a number of problems experienced by Russian seaports. But about them later.
Major river ports
River ports of Russia are based on 28 rivers of the country, the largest among which are Lena, Neva, Volga, Amur. In addition to transporting industrial materials, they are also transport hubs through which passengers are transported.
Russian river ports do not function independently. Successful work is ensured by interaction with other modes of transport, and especially with trains and trucks.
The European part of Russia is provided by the Northern Dvina. It transports timber on a large industrial scale. Such a cargo is sent to Arkhangelsk and Kotlas, where woodworking plants and warehouses are located, in which goods are prepared for export.
Eastern Siberia most of the rivertransportation concentrated in Norilsk. Far Eastern highways are based on the Amur and tributaries. The basis of the entire commodity flow is oil products, goods for the food industry, timber and coal.
Building materials travel along the Volga-B altic Canal or the White Sea-B altic Canal to St. Petersburg, while iron ore is delivered to the Cherepovets Plant.
The Ob, Lena, Amur and Yenisei rivers have become a replacement for railway transport in those areas that are poorly provided with gauges. They specialize in the transportation of oil products, cars, metal products. For some cities, apart from air transport, this is the only way to communicate with the outside world.
Arkhangelsk river port
Arkhangelsk river port was founded in 1961. During the Soviet Union, it actively developed. It suffered a decline with the collapse of the Union and until 2011, until it became part of Ecoteka. First of all, the focus was on sand mining.
In approximately two years, production volumes have increased to 2 million tons. The total cargo turnover has reached over three million tons per year. The transition to round-the-clock service is also an achievement, and paperwork is simplified - all the necessary papers are prepared in one place, without running around the offices.
The security system has also been set up. 24-hour video surveillance and permanent security guarantee the safety of transport and cargo.
Summer navigation provides passenger transportation. At the service of the population - 9 motor ships. Itineraries refer to domestic transportation.
Cargo transportation is carried out to European countries, as well as to Solovki and other regions of the country.
Among the problems are insufficiently developed infrastructure, as the port has been neglected for a long time, as well as the low permissible draft of ships - up to 5 meters. Although management assures that such shortcomings will be corrected in the near future.
Yakutsk river port
Northern ports of Russia in their list have one of the largest - the Yakutsk river port. Founded in 1959, throughout the history of its existence, it has been fulfilling an important mission - providing Yakutia and nearby regions with national economic products.
Also, the Yakutsk river port carries out passenger transportation. An equally important part of his work is the delivery of cars, metal products, coal, building materials to the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The port also provides services for the processing of incoming cargo, having a number of enterprises working for it. It follows that it provides jobs for most of the population.
The list of port services also includes mining and production of building materials.
Krasnoyarsk river port
Eastern Siberia also boasts the location of a port on its territory, which is one of the largest ports in Russia. It is also the largest cargo handling facility in the Yeniseiswimming pool.
The location of the port makes it one of the most important components of the transport interchange in Siberia. It is located at the intersection of many air routes, the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway and highways pass through it.
The average throughput is about 30 thousand tons per year. The Krasnoyarsk River Port is engaged in cargo transshipment, cargo transportation, passenger transportation.
Major seaports
As already mentioned, the cargo turnover of all Russian seaports is over half a billion tons per year, which is several times more than the average figure 10 years ago. This was made possible thanks to modern technologies for loading and unloading ships and a storage system at ports.
The Black Sea basin takes the lead in cargo turnover. The basis of cargo is food industry products, metal. Also in the first place are the ports in terms of passenger traffic. This is due to the resorts, of which there are many in the territories of the Black Sea basin. The sea gates of this basin are the largest ports in Russia.
The B altic basin became the first in terms of foreign trade. Russian ports on the map cannot boast such an enviable geographical position as those located within this basin.
Northern ports provide transportation of oil products, minerals, timber.
The only problem experienced by the old and new ports of Russia is the low turnover in general and the shallow waters of most.
Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port
The largest ports of Russia on the map can be found within the Black Sea basin. One of these is the Novorossiysk Commercial Seaport.
It operates around the clock and all year round, which is facilitated by the geographical location - it is located in the non-freezing part.
One of the oldest ports, it originally specialized in receiving and sending cargo for trade with other regions and countries. From the middle of the 19th century, the turnover of goods amounted to no more than 8 thousand pounds. Mainly specialized in shipping food and tobacco.
Significantly increase the volume helped the construction of the railway. Over time, a system for unloading and loading bulky goods was also established. The storm protection system, as well as an established security system, have made the port a major trading center.
Commercial Sea Port of Primorsk
This is the oil-loading capital of all ports in the country. Although his story gained momentum only in 2002.
The reason for the failures for him was the lack of direct land routes to the port. And the collapse of the Soviet Union only exacerbated the crisis. The construction of the B altic pipeline system made the port the largest oil loading station. Since the beginning of 2002, cargo turnover has averaged about 70 million tons of oil and diesel fuel.
Conclusion
Russian river ports are located in 17 basins, which indicates a developed system of communication between cities. In some cases they servethe best means of transportation and transportation of goods, as a relatively inexpensive type of crossing, as well as one that is most convenient for transporting bulky items.
