The huge and majestic Victory Monument in Moscow is located on Poklonnaya Hill. This memorial complex is dedicated to the victory in the war of 1941-1945. He appeared not so long ago. It was opened on May 9, 1995, when they celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Second World War. The article proposes to learn about the hill on which the memorial is located, about the monument itself, as well as some information about the ensemble.
Mountain of bows
The Victory Monument is located on Poklonnaya Hill. Once this place was not included in the territory of the city. Moscow is the capital of Russia, which grows and develops together with our state. Today this hill is located in the historical center of Zlatoglavaya. Poklonnaya Gora was surrounded by two rivers under the fancy names Filka and Setun.
In ancient times, when the mountain was outside the city, travelers very often made a stop at this place, as the guests of the city had a beautiful view from the top. The guests of the capital left theirwagons, inspected the city from a height, then made a low bow to the ground. This is how the mountain got its name.
Historical facts
For the first time this hill was mentioned in the papers of the XVI century. Then its name was a little longer. The name of the tract on which it is located was added to Poklonnaya Hill. In the end, this name looked like this: “Poklonnaya Gora on the Smolensk Road.”
Surprisingly, 200 years ago Napoleon stood on this mountain. But not to bow. The French commander in 1812 was waiting for the keys to the capital.
M. I. Kutuzov once climbed here after the battle near Borodino. And another 50 years later, during the Great Patriotic War, our army advanced to the front through this place to defend the country's borders and fight the fascist army. In other words, the Victory Monument on the mountain symbolizes the valiant feat of our people.
What's on the hill today?
Today, Poklonnaya Gora is a huge architectural and memorial complex, but it is crowded not only on holidays. Walks near the memorial are made not only by Muscovites, but also by guests of the city. At the moment, the area of the park is 135 hectares. Of these, 20 hectares are occupied by the ensemble of the monument.
Already in 1942, it was decided that the Victory Monument would be located exactly at this place.
Later, in 1958, the builders of the city erected a memorial sign on which it was written that a monument would be erected here in honor of the victory of the Soviet people over the Nazis.
Part of funds for the construction of the memorialallocated by the city treasury, and the second amount is donations from citizens and guests of the city. The Victory Monument is surrounded by a museum dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, three churches, an obelisk (the highest in Russia), and an exhibition of military equipment.
Symbolic obelisk
The Victory Monument is strict and majestic. Moscow holds the record for high-rise monuments. The obelisk stands on the Victory Square. It is considered the highest monument in Russia. Its height is symbolic - 141.8 meters. This is a kind of reference to the war, because the Second World War lasted 1,418 days. The stele is the main part of the monument. It was made from high strength metal. To mount the structure, I had to resort to the help of telescopic aerial platforms. At the base of the obelisk are control rooms that control the lighting and ventilation of the monument. At the foot of the stele, there is a statue of St. George the Victorious on granite, who de alt with the serpent - a symbol of evil. The weight of this whole structure is about 1000 tons!
The foundation of Russia's tallest statue required 2,000 cubic meters of concrete. At a height of 100 meters, the obelisk is crowned with a statue of the goddess of Victory Nike with small cupids. Their weight is 25 tons. The obelisk got its name - "Bayonet", as it symbolizes this edged weapon.
From the base to the mark of 100 meters, where Nika is located, three main stages of the war are depicted:
- Battle of Stalingrad.
- Battle of Kursk.
- Belarusian operation.
To maintain such a stele, the city authorities had to install an elevator, whichordered from Sweden. He raises the masters to a height of 87 meters. How long do you think it took to build the obelisk? Surprisingly, it was built in record time - 9 months. The architect of two sculptures ("Bayonet" and "George the Victorious") is Zurab Tsereteli.
Standoffs and hesitation
Be that as it may, but such a massive and tall statue without special devices should not have survived. Project engineers S. S. Karmilov, B. V. Ostroumov and S. P. Murinov provided for this. They equipped the obelisk with devices that dampen vibrations, because, according to all the laws of aerodynamics, it has an unstable shape. Engineers hid 19 vibration dampers in it. The main one was hidden behind Nika's shoulders, it dampens vibrations with a mass of 10 tons!
If you are ever in Moscow, be sure to visit the Victory Monument. Moscow is allegedly guarded by standing three warriors from different centuries of our state:
- Slavic warriors;
- soldiers of the Battle of Borodino;
- Soviet victorious fighters of 1945.
The monument is famous far beyond the borders of the country. Glorious is the feat of the people, as is the monument to Victory. A photo must be taken and shown to your children so that they know the history and remember the feat of their ancestors!
