Laying communications under water, searching for sunken boats, rescue operations in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, forensic investigations - in these areas the help of qualified divers can be useful. Diving work carried out on the river and lake expanses of Russia requires not only courage and heroism from divers. It is important to have the necessary equipment and equipment. Work under water cannot be carried out without good preparation. Before they begin, it is necessary to check the technical serviceability of the vessel that will transport the divers to the place of operations. As a rule, Yaroslavets, a project 376 boat, is used for underwater work on rivers and reservoirs up to forty-five meters deep. This type of vessel was designed specifically for the needs of the Russian Navy.
History of the vessel
Russian boat "Yaroslavets" (project 376) appeared in the fifties of the twentieth century. For the needs of the navy and the national economy, a project of a tugboat was required, which would be used for divingand customs work. That is why in 1948 the project of the boat was approved, which received the number 376 and the code "North". It was supposed to be used by the fleet and some areas of the national economy. When designing the ship, a mandatory condition was put forward: Russian-made boats must have all the necessary characteristics for transporting ships by rail.
In 1953, the Yaroslavl Shipyard, thanks to which the series got its semi-official name, launched the lead boat of project 376. The ships were immediately put into production in a large series. And two years later, some project data were changed, which made it possible to improve the operational characteristics of the vessel and modernize its production technology. A new "Yaroslavets" appeared - a boat of project 376U. After the changes made, this type of ships began to be actively used not only by the military, but also by civilian ministries and departments, as well as for deliveries abroad. The second enterprise where the production of boats began was the Sosnovsky shipyard (Kirov region).
External characteristics
"Yaroslavets" - a boat, which is a motor ship with one propeller, with a saddle deck, a wheelhouse with a superstructure, with a cap over the engine room and aft hold compartment. The ship's hull, as a rule, is made with a single transverse seam. The boat is equipped with six watertight bulkheads, three fuel tanks are installed on the bottom of the vessel.
Doesn't mattera raid boat was designed, border, customs or passenger, the external characteristics of a vessel of any type are as follows: the length of the boat is about twenty-one meters, the width reaches four. Board height - 2, 1 meters. The vessel can accommodate up to twelve people. In freewheeling, the speed of the ship can reach ten knots.
Specifications
It is known that Russian-made boats of the Yaroslavets series are designed in such a way that their operation will reduce the time for transporting divers or cargo to their destination and ensure uninterrupted operation in reservoirs, rivers or lakes. A raid boat or a towing boat is built in such a way that water maneuvers are easily performed in shallow water, as well as in shallow ice surfaces. In addition, transportation of the vessel by rail is provided, so the dimensions of the boat are calculated taking into account the fulfillment of this condition. To perform operations in reservoirs where there is small broken ice, an ice kingston is provided in the design of the boat. Boat displacement - 46.9 tons, average draft with load - 1.27 m, without load - 0.97 m, freewheeling speed - 10.5, autonomy - 5 days.
Repairing
Repair of the ship can be carried out independently. However, such repairs can only be carried out by the ship's crew or its owner in cases where the damage to the boat is minor. For example, it is necessary to replace the standard skin in order to avoid leakage of the boat.
In other cases, the vesselit is transported to the shipyard, where the hull is completely painted, the electrician is put in order, the mechanisms of hatches and windows are checked. The boat is delivered to the place of repair work by rail. Here, the masters of justice carry out major repairs, after which the ship is returned to the owner.
Hull
As a reinforcement of the structure of the boat, powerful strip bulbs are installed, which are used as the basis for wooden or metal transverse ribs of the vessel's hull and transverse beams for additional structural rigidity. A fender is attached along the entire hull of the vessel. Bars are made of metal or wood. Pipes can be bent or semi-circular, with a longitudinal rib (characteristic for a metal fender).
Also in shipbuilding, metal corners, plates and strips are used to make additional stiffeners. The frame of the boat is sheathed with metal sheets, which are soldered to each other with welds from four to ten millimeters wide. A common occurrence for a river vessel is the appearance of non-standard sheets during self-repair. However, this does not affect its further operation.
The stern and bow of the boat are additionally strengthened with stems to strengthen the structure and balance the vessel on the water surface. On some models of boats "Yaroslavets" towing arcs are installed, which prevent the destruction of the towing cable whenappropriate maneuvers. Towbars are installed when a towboat is the result of shipbuilding.
Ship's rudder
A streamlined balancing rudder is installed on the boat during the construction process. It is made, as a rule, hollow, from sheet metal. The mechanism controls the rudder blades, which are involved in turning maneuvers. This is a kind of paddle for a boat. Project 376 had only one rudder blade. However, in the process of upgrading the vessel, another one appeared.
The rudder blade is a metal sheet with ribs. It is attached to the boat with six bolts on a round or rectangular flange. In this project, the rudder blade does not have a lower support, which often leads to the loss of the rudder during operation of the vessel. On the upper deck, one or two plugs are installed for the component part of the steering mechanism. These are a kind of screw plugs for the holes into which the tiller is inserted. An integral part of the steering mechanism, therefore, will function even if the cables break, transmitting forces to the tiller from the steering wheel and then directly to the steering wheel. If this situation occurs, the boat can be steered manually.
Washing house
During the construction of the boat, a wheelhouse and cap are added to its frame. A hook is attached to the back wall - a steel hook attached to cables and chains. Serves for lifting boats, cargo and towing other vessels. A removable or bracket ladder is also attached there, leading to the navigation bridgeengine room. The "Yaroslavets" is characterized by removable wheelhouses, which make it possible to transport a river tugboat by rail. However, in all modifications of the project 376 boat, the caps of the engine room are fixed. Only one of the burl sheets will be dismantled. Moreover, its characteristics, depending on the modifications, will differ. For project 376 boats, a flat sheet of metal with stiffeners is used, while for project 376U, profiled sheets without welded fasteners are used.
Three doors and a rectangular window are installed on the wheelhouse on the port side. The middle door is hermetically sealed, then leads directly to the radio room. The first door from the stern leads to the latrine and is splashproof.
On the right, there are two doors, a rectangular window and two round portholes. Doors have different designs. Over time, the locks on the doors have evolved, the technological characteristics of the door hinges have changed.
Portholes and hatches of the vessel
Model of the shipyard "Yaroslavets" - a boat, which is equipped with six portholes on the port side of the ship. There are only four portholes on the starboard side of the boat. Those closest to the stern are sometimes brewed as they may be too close to the surface of the water. This, as a rule, occurs when re-equipping the boat, when it is planned to lay the ballast, which increases the draft of the river vessel.
The design of the boat provides for the presence of deck hatches leading to the internalboat premises. During the modernization of the boat as a whole, the operational characteristics of hatches and doors were also improved.
Vessel Applications
The boat "Yaroslavets" can serve both for military purposes and for some agricultural enterprises that transport products abroad along the river. "Yaroslavets" is not usually intended for personal use, however, there are many both individuals and legal entities that own it.
Today, the vessel is mainly used as a tugboat. With its help, non-self-propelled and small river vessels are towed. In addition, "Yaroslavets" is also used as a passenger boat. It can accommodate up to twelve people in its holds.
The vessel is actively used as a raid boat. It delivers divers to the site of the underwater operation. Diving equipment and equipment for underwater work are constantly stored on board.
In the holds of the vessel can be transported abroad up to fifteen tons of cargo. The crew also guards the border of the river expanses and fights poaching, so the Yaroslavets is also used as a border boat.
River Boat Cost
In the 50s of the last century, the boat of the Yaroslavl shipbuilding plant was produced in river waters and used for the needs of the navy, as well as some branches of agriculture. However, to date, the new boats of project 376 are no longer put on the water. In addition, at the moment, as we have already mentioned, most of the serviceable river vesselsprivately owned.
A Russian boat, the price of which may vary depending on the year the vessel was launched on the water, as well as on the number of repairs, is easy to find on free sale. Due to the fact that this type of vessels is being built less and less today, you can only buy boats that have already been in use before.
The purchase can cost from a million rubles. At the same time, it is important to carefully examine the boat, the price of which may seem fabulous. After all, it is important for any buyer to receive dividends from the purchase in a short time without spending additional funds on vessel repairs.
Conclusion
"Yaroslavets" is one of the most affordable boats, and you can buy it in almost every city in Russia. Even now, it is one of the most comfortable and useful river boats due to its excellent technical characteristics.
