The path of the longest mountain belt of the Universe has been beaten through the whole of Eurasia. It, starting from the foot of the French Alps, extends all the way to the expanses of South Vietnam. The Himalayas are recognized as the highest ridge of the gigantic mountain range.
The majestic mountain looks like a grand petrified wave that ascended into the sky. The crest of a wave frozen in stone is crowned by the Great Himalayas. In the main Himalayan range, stretching along the border of Tibet and Nepal, 11 peaks are connected. Each mountain range here is over 8,000 meters high.
Historical names of the highest mountain range
Here, in the "abode of eternal snows", on the lands of China, Mount Chomolungma spread - the highest of the Himalayan "eight-thousanders" ridge. The giant mountain, which has soared into the skies to an incredible height, has two more names. The inhabitants of Nepal called her Sagarmatha - "Lord of the sky."
Tibetans call the peak Chomolungma (in translation - "Goddess of the Earth"). For Europeans, it is the peak of Everest. They named the mountain that way when India was going through an era of colonization, being under the yoke of Great Britain, and the topographic service of the enslavedThe state was headed by Major D. Everest, who studied the colossal mountain system.
Top of the world
The Himalayan massif is considered a unique place. In this marvelous corner are the sources of the Indus and the Ganges. Mount Chomolungma with its high status became known to the Chinese much earlier than to people from the New World. Tibetan monks at the northern foot of the "top of heaven" founded the monastery of Ronkbuk, which is still operating today.
Before a person who goes out into the inner courtyard of the monastery, a majestic sight opens up - impressive mountain ranges of stunning beauty. The splendor of the grandiose peak is felt from the mountain passes adjacent to it and located many kilometers away.
Everest Formation
The Himalayan range, according to geologists, was formed in the era of the split of the ancient mainland Gondwana. The mainland broke into plates. The Indian plate, moving in a northerly direction, came across the Eurasian fragment. In the plate docking zone, the earth's crust was compressed and a huge fold was formed, which was called the Himalayas.
The Himalayan mountain system was formed by three grandiose steps stretching from north to south. The “pre-Himalayas”, which form the southern step, have a lower height. The mountain ranges here are about 1000 m high.
The middle step is represented by massifs rising to 3500 m. In the northern part, the height of the mountain peaks ranges from 6000-8000 m. The width of the mountain ranges reaches 80-90 km.
The growth of the Himalayan range has not stopped until now. Scientists assure that the height of the Himalayasincreases annually by 3-10 mm. There are 75 peaks in the mountain range, exceeding a height of 7,000 meters. Nepalese Himalayas recognized as the highest.
And Mount Chomolungma ascended above all the ridges. Where is its top? It rises above the boundless Chinese expanses. The highest peak of Everest is surrounded by other giant peaks that form a real "roof of the world", holding the sky above the earth.
Everest height
The mountain peak, proudly rising up from the eternal Himalayan snows, attracts tourists with its grandeur and bewitching beauty. Many climbers dream of conquering the steep slopes of a grandiose mountain range with the shape of a trihedral pyramid. Overcoming for them difficult mountain paths with a length of 8848 meters (such is the height of Mount Chomolungma) is a great honor!
The exact height of the peak was established by English topographers in 1852. Since then, many attempts have been made that would have refuted the primacy of Everest. However, they were debunked over and over again, because they all turned out to be insolvent.
While the bulk of the high peaks that are part of the mountain complexes of the world, climbers submitted to the "seven-thousanders" and "eight-thousanders" that formed Mount Chomolungma, Everest, if you like, the climbers did not know how to approach.
Climate on Chomolungma
The steepness of the southern slope is much greater than that of the other two. The snow does not linger on it, so before the eyes of travelers it appearsexposed rock. The rest of the slopes are covered by glaciers stretching up to 5,000 meters.
Specifying the coordinates of Mount Chomolungma, tourists understand that the climate on the "top of the world" is far from comfortable. When bad weather breaks out on a mountain range, it is very dangerous to stay in its open spaces. The thermometer freezes here at -600 C, and the wind whistles at a speed of 200 km/h.
Climbing Chomolungma
The magnetic attraction of the highest point on Earth is incredible. Year after year, climbers head to the East, to where Mount Chomolungma is located, where the tip of its giant peak, piercing the clouds, is located. The temptation to conquer this peak is great, but few reach it.
Everest's philosophy is harsh. The path to its peak is reserved for those who are fussy and hasty, unprincipled and careless. It often turns into a tragedy for them. The first climbers, who started climbing at the dawn of the 20th century, suffered a fiasco due to poor equipment. For the first time Mount Chomolungma was conquered by people in 1953.
Climbers constantly compete in the difficulty of climbing Everest. Some try to climb the icy slopes in the middle of winter. Others, intending to climb to the top, refuse to grab oxygen. Emancipated women, united in a group, are trying to overcome the difficult path without men.
However, only Reinhold Messner surprised everyone. The recalcitrant Mount Chomolungma provided him with greatmercy - set several records at the same time! He, climbing alone along the northern slope without oxygen, overcame the ascent to the top in 3 days. In 1992, 32 climbers climbed the peak as part of the Russian Lada-Everest team.
Rise of the End Times
The success of the expedition depends not so much on the quality of equipment, but on the climate, which determines the latitude and longitude of Mount Chomolungma (27°59'17″ N, 86°55'31″ E), but also its height. In addition, climbers have to overcome mountain sickness, which occurs with high air rarefaction.
About 500 travelers go to conquer the peak every year. The governments of the Celestial Empire and Nepal are not averse to making money on granting the right to climb the slopes of a harsh peak. Now almost all ascents are carried out on a commercial basis. Tourists arrange in specialized companies to organize the ascent to the peak of Everest.
Professional guides accompany travelers to the very top. The service costs climbers $ 65,000. This amount includes training, providing the required equipment and ensuring safety (to the extent possible) on a laborious mountain route. It takes about 2 months to acclimatize and climb.
