In the European part of Russia, quite a lot of landlord estates have been preserved. One of these is the Altufyevo estate. You will find a photo of this beautifully preserved complex in our article. We invite you to take a walk around the estate.
Land estates are the highlight of Russia
The interest of foreign tourists in Russia is unusually great. But what to show them first? Where to lead, how to surprise? Landlord estates should become a mandatory item in such an excursion program. After all, this is exactly the highlight that can advantageously represent the country in the international tourism market.
Within the European part of Russia, dozens of estates dating back to different centuries have been preserved. But they are all, no doubt, very valuable. At the same time, ancient estates are not only interesting recreational and tourist sites. They are also of great importance for the study of our past.
The word "estate" itself comes from the verb "to plant" or "to plant".
This article will focus on one of these objects. This is a homesteadAltufyevo, an excursion to which will not be a problem for residents of the Russian capital.
Origin of the name of the estate
The name of this or that object, area is as important as the name for a person. It is known that the Altufyevo estate was originally called Oltufievo. Based on this, the origin of the estate can be associated with the noble family of the Oltufievs, who once lived in Moscow. However, there is no written confirmation of this.
Over time, the name of the estate has been slightly transformed. In particular, the first letter of the toponym has changed to the letter "A", which was more familiar to the Moscow pronunciation.
In some sources you can also find the name Alsufievo. But where it came from is unknown. It is quite possible that this toponym was the result of a banal clerical error made by an inattentive clerk.
Manor in Altufyevo (Moscow): architectural complex
The complex of buildings of this estate is spread over an area of ten hectares. It includes the following facilities and buildings:
- The Master's House (1760).
- Ex altation of the Cross Church (1763).
- Manor stable (mid 19th century).
- Brewery (late 18th century).
- Outbuilding with cellars.
- Artificial pond.
Altufievo Estate: how to get there?
The estate is located on the northern tip of the capital, near the Moscow Ring Road. The old manor of the 18th century is safely hidden from the eyes of drivers passing along the ring road. However, to find the estateon the map of Moscow is not so difficult. After all, she gave the name to a number of metropolitan objects: a highway, a pond, a metro station and a whole residential area.
Where is the Altufyevo estate located? What is the easiest way to get there?
The architectural complex is located near the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Altufevskoe Highway, on the bank of a small pond. Legal address of the estate: Altufievskoe highway, possessions 147-149.
The easiest way is to get to the metro station "Altufievo", and then walk a little along Altufevskoe highway in the north direction.
History of the estate
The first written mention of this area dates back to 1585. Then a certain Restless Myakishev owned the local lands. He had a small wooden farmstead here, which soon burned down.
In 1786, the estate was acquired by Prince Stepan Kurakin, who began to actively equip it. Unfortunately, of those stone buildings, only the brewery has survived. But the central building of the estate, which can be seen today, was built under the new owner - Altufiev.
In the middle of the 19th century, the estate passed to the civil adviser Zherebtsov. He rebuilt the main house of the estate in the old Russian style. In addition, the Altufyevo estate acquired a beautiful garden with greenhouses under him. Zherebtsov also dug two ponds on the territory. One of them (upstream) has survived to this day.
Altufievo estate has changed its owners more than once. So, later George became its ownerLianozov, who founded a dacha settlement nearby. Unfortunately, only one of those old dachas has survived - today it houses the K. Vasiliev Art Museum.
After the revolution of 1917, the Altufyevo estate became a hospital, and the local church was closed. In the early 1990s, the church was restored, but its original appearance was lost. Nevertheless, the manor church of the Ex altation of the Cross in Altufievo continues to decorate the coat of arms of the Lianozovo district.
The Lord's house and its architecture
The main and, perhaps, the most interesting building on the estate in Altufyevo is the so-called Lord's House. The structure surprisingly combines elements of both ancient Russian stone and traditional wooden architecture.
The history of the Lord's house has been studied extremely poorly. Local historians suggest that it was built in 1851 under N. A. Zherebtsov. However, the foundation and basement of the building are clearly older. Most likely, the core of the structure was laid back in the 1760s.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Lord's House was slightly rebuilt into the boarding house of Unkovskaya. Then a one-story outbuilding was attached to its main volume. At the same time, the building was decorated with an elegant belvedere (it has not survived to this day).
Next to the Lord's house, a brewery has been preserved - the oldest of all the buildings of the estate, which has survived to this day without significant changes (built at the end of the 18th century). Almost near the Moscow Ring Road there is another building - a stable. However, to establish its exactage local historians and historians cannot.
Ex altation of the Cross Church
The real decoration of the Altufyevo estate is the Church of the Ex altation of the Holy Cross. On the shore of the pond, it looks unusually beautiful and solemn. The temple was built in 1760-1763 in the Baroque style. And the first church that stood on this site has been known since 1564. True, it was made of wood.
At the end of the 18th century, the temple was rebuilt in stone. Its main dome, as well as the interior decoration, date back to the 19th century. According to written documents, the church was badly damaged during the Patriotic War of 1812.
In the mid-90s, the Ex altation of the Cross Church in Altufievo was substantially rebuilt. Experts believe that this reconstruction has significantly reduced the historical and architectural value of this building.
The architecture of the temple, in general, is typical of the so-called Moscow baroque style. The building is cruciform in plan and has a single dome (the diameter of the dome is 12 meters). The church has apses on three sides. In the 90s, the area of the temple almost doubled due to the construction of a new refectory. She not only distorted the original external appearance of the building, but also covered the Lord's house - the central building of the estate.
The Ex altation of the Cross Church is surrounded (from the side of the pond) by a fence with two towers at the corners and a beautiful entrance gate in the center.
In conclusion…
In the north of Moscow, near the Moscow Ring Road, a unique manor complex Altufyevo has been preserved. The first mention of this estate dates back to 1585. Today the Altufyevo estate is one of the most valuable historical and architectural monuments of the capital.
