For four centuries Arkhangelsk developed and was built as a port city. It became a "ship pier" in 1583 by decree of Ivan the 4th the Terrible. In the summer of 1584, a wooden city appeared on the banks of the Northern Dvina. The Arkhangelsk commercial sea port is located in the delta of the Northern Dvina, which flows into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Foreign trade contributed to the development of various crafts. The first in Russia artel of “ship reins” appeared in the port of Arkhangelsk.
Description of the seaport
The Northern Dvina is navigable during summer navigation. A waterway passes along it, which connects the city of Arkhangelsk with regions of Russia remote from the sea. After the river freezes in the north, winter navigation begins. The water in the Northern Dvina freezes by November, and the opening of the river mainly occurs in early May. In winter, the Arkhangelsk Commercial Sea Port functions only thanks to icebreakers.
There are moorings of the river, sea, fishing, commercial ports on the waters of the river. Arkhangelsk also has oil terminals, a river passenger station, enterprises of the pulp and paper, fish, and ship repair industries.
Length
The sea port of Arkhangelsk is 17.1 kilometers long and consists of 123 berths located on the right and left banks of the Northern Dvina. The distance between the receiving and the outermost buoys is 46 miles. Several river fairways and channels equipped on the river and its branches lead to the berths.
Composition of the port
The commercial seaport includes two loading and unloading areas remote from each other: Bakaritsa and Economy, this is all Arkhangelsk. The port here has 3.3 kilometers of berths.
The commercial port has a fleet of reloading machines. It consists of 57 gantry and other cranes with lifting capacities ranging from 5 to 40 tons. There is also a floating crane, container loaders, forklifts, as well as container trucks.
Port warehouses have a total usable area of 292,000 kilometers, including open areas, covered premises, bonded warehouses.
Economy Features
Economy is located 25 kilometers from the capital of Pomerania, on the left bank of the Kuznechevsky sleeve. Arkhangelsk receives various ships here. The port here is designed to receive vessels with a draft of up to 9.2 meters and a width of no more than 30 meters. If the ship does not fit these dimensions, the captain must obtain a special permit for berthing. This area includes seven main berths with a total length of 1090 meters. They are used for processing pulp, lumber,heavy equipment, bulk and bulk cargo, containers. Modern gantry cranes (up to 40 tons), as well as container loaders, are installed on the berths and territories adjacent to them. Hidden warehouses in this area cover an area of 17.4 thousand square meters, and open areas account for 160.7 square kilometers.
Containers are being transshipped at the first berth. There are two berthing and two rear container reloaders with a carrying capacity of 30.5 tons. At the same time, 2200 containers with dangerous cargo are located here, Arkhangelsk is proud of such opportunities. The port accepts not only domestic, but also foreign containers with cargo.
Bakaritsa specifics
Located on the left bank of the Bakaritsa channel. This part of the port is designed to receive vessels with a draft of 7.5 meters and a length of up to 135 meters; in winter, the port accepts vessels up to 160 meters. In this area, Arkhangelsk (port) has 13 berths stretching for 1793 kilometers. For loading there are portal cranes. Cargoes are stored in open or closed warehouses. Cargo is transshipped here to the ports of Naryan-Mar, Mezen, Dudinka, Dikson, Amderma, Khatanga, Tiksi, the Arctic coast, points of the Barents and White Seas. Timber, cardboard, paper, pulp, export-import cargoes are processed in Bakaritsa. The area specializes in transshipment of natural coal. For this, there are two berths in the port of Arkhangelsk, stretching for 360 meters.
The commercial seaport serves threerailway stations: Arkhangelsk-gorod, Bakaritsu, left bank. In Bakaritsa there is a passage to the Arkhangelsk-Moscow highway.
There are three districts in the river port: the Left Bank, Zharovikha, Senobaz. The cargo central region is located on the right bank of the Northern Dvina near the village of Zharovikha. The Arkhangelsk seaport has tugs with a capacity of 1,200 to 2,500 horsepower, oil and garbage collectors, vessels for bilge and polluted waters, passenger boats, pilot boats, barges, and bunkering boats.
Conclusion
Currently, the port of Arkhangelsk is considered one of the busiest and most multifunctional in Russia. It is here that the loading and unloading of ships sent to Norway, Finland, Sweden is carried out.
