Tsaritsyno Park is an outstanding work of architecture and art. The ensemble was created by decree of Empress Catherine II at the end of the 18th century. It is located in the southern part of Moscow. "Tsaritsyno" (park) is under the care of the reserve complex. This is the historically developed and most comfortable part of the protected natural area. The protected area is located between such districts of the city as Orekhovo-Borisovo North, Biryulyovo East, Orekhovo-Borisovo South. Further from the article we will learn what the Tsaritsyno park is today, how to get to this place.
General information
"Tsaritsyno" (park), the photo of which will be presented below, is located on a predominantly ravine and hilly area. Since the ensemble is located on the territory of the former possessions of the princes Kantemirov, he adopted some of the features of this estate. The total area of the park is more than one hundred hectares. The zone is limited from different sides. From the east - a greenhouse complex, from the south and northeast - two large ravines, from the west - ponds.
Architectural features
Park "Tsaritsyno"is an important element of Russian Gothic. The construction of the imperial residence took more than 20 years. Matvey Kazakov and Vasily Bazhenov, two of the most talented architects of their time, worked on it. The ensemble is the largest 18th-century pseudo-Gothic building in Europe. The Tsaritsyno park and its unique architectural solutions had a strong influence on the new direction of Russian architecture. Many structures that have adopted some of its features are located in various parts of the former Russian Empire.
History of Creation
The garden was laid along with the palace complex. Park "Tsaritsyno" was one of the first such creations, located outside the palace and park ensembles of St. Petersburg. Its construction began at the end of the 18th century. Immediately after the empress acquired the possessions of Kantemirov, Siberian cedars and larches were planted in the park. These trees were a gift for Catherine II from Prokopy Demidov, a miner. Currently, larches grow in the park, but these are already reconstructed and renewed plantings. Vasily Bazhenov was responsible for the arrangement of the ensemble throughout the entire period of construction management. The purposeful work of the architect has borne fruit. The park has become the crowning achievement of this extraordinary master. At the same time, the activities of V. I. Bazhenov turned out to be a great tragedy for him.
Reconstruction process
The basis of the homestead parkwere birches. It was this alley, as conceived by the architect, that became the main axis of the palace complex. When working on the arrangement of the landscape park, they tried to preserve the structural elements of those plantings that remained from the time of the former owners of the estate. Thus, the "Geometric Garden", adjacent to the palace buildings, was preserved without any changes. It is a small classical parterre complex of low trees and trimmed bushes, it has symmetrical paths. The birch perspective and hillside plantings also received minimal adjustments.
The main part of the park is located south of the palace elements of the ensemble. In it, the architect preferred to preserve the composition of the interlacing of three alleys, as well as one straight and wide one, which perpendicularly crosses these peculiar rays diverging from the palaces. Two of them are still in the complex, and the alley crossing them is now called Lipovaya. The basic trees of this composition were pines and birches. These plants fit in perfectly, as they do not form a dense shade and have a light green color. In certain places, following the then fashion, the architect decided to plant trees that had a dark color of foliage. This category includes oaks and lindens. Due to this, a contrast with light plantings was formed in the background. Vasily Bazhenov marked new borders with the help of birch groves, thereby expanding the territory of the park.
The emergence of creative conflicts
After almost 10 yearsEnglish garden masters Ion Murno and Francis Reid visited Tsaritsyno. A serious misunderstanding arose between them and the architect Bazhenov. They insisted on the reconstruction of the park and its partial felling. This proposal was based on the traditional approach to the creation of the English classical landscape complex, which meant the absence of dense plantings and straight alleys. Nevertheless, Russian parks of the 18th century more often retained the structure of a regular layout. It was in these elements that they had their peculiar features. The deliberate neglect of vegetation was also considered a similar attribute.
Changes made by P. S. Valuev
Tsaritsyno Park became a popular place for walks among Moscow's privileged population in the early 18th century. At that time, it consisted mainly of an alternation of numerous open lawns and clearings with light plantings. Certain places were accentuated with groups of trees with dark foliage. Emperor Alexander I appointed Valuev to the post of head of Moscow gardens and palaces. The fate of the ensemble was now directly linked to its activities. P. S. Valuev fell in love with these places and often came here to relax with his family in the summer. For further improvement of the complex, the chief gardener of the greenhouse economy K. I. Ungebauer and the architect I. V. Egotov were involved. These two masters approved the redevelopment of the park in accordance with the new fashion trends.
Further stages of redevelopment
During the reign of Emperor Paul I, the park experienced one of the periods of its withering. There was no proper care for the plants, the garden began to dry up. Some trees have grown to such an extent that they began to block the view of the palace. At the end of the 19th century, the complex gradually turned into a real forest. They practically stopped caring for him. For this reason, self-seeding thickets and thickets of shrubs were formed. Only at the beginning of the nineteenth century, work began on the arrangement of the park. However, these events were not of a regular nature. In the 1990s, the process of serious restoration of the ensemble began. Later, M. R. Morina took over the project, the complex was completely reconstructed, the landscape was restored.
Palace meadow
This is a wonderful place inside the Tsaritsyno complex, which still exists. For some period, bushes continued to be planted in the corners in the clearing. Then they were replaced by oaks. Until the beginning of the 20th century, flower beds were regularly updated in its central region. During the process of cleaning the pond, the bottom silt was completely laid out in the clearing. From this, the level of its height increased significantly. For this reason, it seems that the glade is hovering over buildings and plantings. In the 19th century, a pine tree was planted in its very center, which became a kind of accent of the site. Palace meadow is one of the most beautiful areas of the complex. Often she is honored to be called the best example of Russian landscape art.
Park "Tsaritsyno". Howget to the complex?
There are several optimal routes. If you want to avoid traffic jams and quickly arrive at the Tsaritsyno park, the metro will be a great option in this situation. The exit from the station of the same name must be carried out in the direction of the train. Then you should go through the turnstiles, then turn right, and then go left into the tunnel. After that, you need to overcome a few meters, turn left and go up the stairs to the street. There you will see a tunnel that runs under the railway tracks. You need to go through it to the end and exit through the pedestrian crossing. You will see the main entrance to the territory.
What to do if you don't know the driving directions to Tsaritsyno park? How to get to the destination in this case? You need to get to the Kashirskoye highway. Then, in the Orekhovo-Borisovo area, turn off the road onto Shipilovskaya Street. You need to go straight without turning, about two kilometers. After you pass the roundabout at the main entrance, you will see the entrance to the car park.
Panda-park "Tsaritsyno"
A cultural and entertainment center for children is successfully operating on the territory of the facility. The safety of the child during the games will be monitored by professionals, so you can safely come to rest with the whole family in the Tsaritsyno park. Complex address: Dolskaya street, 1.
