History of the Yaroslavl Kremlin. Kremlin in Yaroslavl today

2024 Author: Harold Hamphrey | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:06

One of the most popular and visited cities in Russia, which is part of the Golden Ring. He is extraordinarily handsome. Its historical center is included in the UNESCO list. More than 140 valuable sights are concentrated in the city center.

History of Yaroslavl

In 1010, by order of Yaroslav the Wise, a city was founded, which received a name in honor of its founder. The history of the emergence of Yaroslavl suggests that a site was chosen for this in the area of the confluence of the Volga with the Korostel River. This made it possible to reliably protect it from enemies from three sides. It is first mentioned in chronicles that describe food riots in 1071.

From ancient times to the present day, the history of Yaroslavl is closely connected with the history of the Russian state. Since the time of ancient Russia, the city has forever inscribed itself in history as a powerful, culturally enlightened and rich principality. It influenced the life of the Russian state.

It is important that after the reunification with Moscow (1380) Yaroslavl did not lose its role and a long period (before Peter I came to the throne) was the most importantcity on the northern trade route. It was the second largest city in Russia in terms of population and the third in terms of turnover of goods. Crafts and industry developed rapidly in it.

In the 19th century, this Russian city became the most beautiful city in the country. For its magnificent landscapes, he received the name "Russian Florence".

Yaroslavl confidently maintained its leadership in industrial production until the beginning of the 20th century. There were 50 factories in the city, which provided jobs for 15,000 workers.

Yaroslavl has become famous for its educational institutions - from the Grigorievsky Gate to the eight largest universities that Yaroslavl is proud of today.

City of Yaroslavl: attractions

A significant part of the historical and cultural monuments of the city is located in the historical center. By and large, the center is the main attraction, always available to tourists.

The layout of the center was developed during the time of Catherine the Great. These ancient places give an idea of what Russian cities looked like in the 18th century after the town-planning reform carried out by Catherine II (1763). Ivan Starov became the author of the Yaroslavl center project.

Its conditional borders pass along Sobin and Republican streets. Previously, this area was called Earth City.

The starting point of the construction was the Church of Elijah the Prophet, built on the banks of the Volga in 1650. Next to it, a semicircular square (now Soviet) was liberated,surrounded by symmetrically placed administrative buildings.

Experts call this principle of development classicism, characteristic of the architecture of the 18th century. “Rays” of streets diverge from the square in different directions. Each of them goes to the architectural monuments of an earlier period. For example, the Parade Square approaches the Assumption Cathedral, which has existed since 1215. Uglichskaya street approaches the Vlasovskaya (or Znamenskaya) tower, which has been preserved from the ancient defensive structures of the 17th century. Breakdown street ended with the church of Simeon the Stolnik, which has not survived to this day.

All the streets of the center of Yaroslavl are built up with the most beautiful old buildings, which are designed in clear symmetry. They are distinguished by numerous delights typical of the architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Temple of Elijah the Prophet

The city of Yaroslavl has on its territory the most valuable architectural monument of the 17th century. According to an ancient legend, this church was founded by the great Yaroslav the Wise. This event coincided with the beginning of the construction of the city.

According to the legend, the reason for the construction of the temple was the victory of the prince over a huge bear, which happened on the day of Elijah the Prophet.

The temple stands on the site where there used to be two ancient churches. It was built at the expense of the richest merchants of the city in 1650. It was located on the site of the Ilyinsky-Tikhonovskaya Church, which currently exists.

Assumption Cathedral

The history of Yaroslavl was marked in 1215 by the appearance of the firststone temple, which was erected by Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich. The Assumption Cathedral was rebuilt several times. After a terrible fire in 1501, it was badly damaged.

When the inhabitants of the city cleared away the rubble, the relics of Princes Vasily and Konstantin (XIII century) were discovered, which became the main shrine of the temple for many years.

In 1937 Assumption Cathedral was blown up, its place was taken by a park of culture. In 2004, a decision was made, and large-scale work began on the construction of an exact copy of the Cathedral of the Assumption in its original place. In 2010, Patriarch Kirill held the first divine services in the reconstructed church.

History Museum

The beautiful Russian city of Yaroslavl, whose sights are the pride of its inhabitants, has an interesting museum. It was founded in 1985. The Museum of the History of Yaroslavl is located in a house that once belonged to the merchant Kuznetsov.

The exposition is presented in six halls. Here are documents and interesting exhibits related to the history of the city.

Sobinov's House

This museum of the great opera singer L. V. Sobinov was opened for visitors in May 1995. It is the only one in Russia fully dedicated to the life and work of a brilliant representative of Russian musical culture.

This house is connected with the life of three generations of the Sobinov family. The future singer was born in it, spent his childhood and youth. The exposition is based on the monographic principle, which fully and vividly represents the life and work of the singer.

Drama Theater

City of Yaroslavlproud of the very first Russian theatre. The Volkovsky Theater celebrated its 260th anniversary in 2010. Then there was a leather barn on the site of today's theater.

It was here that the merchant's son Fyodor Volkov began to stage the first performances. The play "Esther" was staged first. The history of the theater keeps many bright events. At the end of the 18th century, the theater was already known in Russia.

In 1911, the construction of the Volkov Theater building was completed. Its author and construction manager was the architect Nikolai Spirin. Today, this building houses one of the best Russian theaters.

Chamber Theater

At the address of st. Sverdlov, house 9 is the Yaroslavl Chamber Theater, which successfully operates under the direction of V. Vorontsov. Today it is the only theater in Russia with a permanent staff. The theater plays on its own stage, in addition, theater festivals are held here with the participation of popular actors of the country.

Yuri Vaksman, who previously worked in the Yaroslavl Youth Theater, thought about creating such a theater for the first time. He decided to create his own theatre. To make his dream come true, he worked in the restaurant business for several years. Having accumulated initial capital, in 1999 he made his dream come true. Vladimir Gusev was invited to the position of chief director, who successfully staged Peter Swet's play "The Interview".

The most important direction of the theater's work is the holding of theater festivals of different levels. During their activity theyfour major international theater festivals are organized.

The theater is famous for its charitable work aimed at helping veterans of the Second World War, the disabled of Afghanistan and their families.

Yaroslavl Kremlin

The history of the Yaroslavl Kremlin began in 1010 near Rostov the Great. Yaroslav the Wise ordered to build a fortress city to ensure the security of the city.

Geographically, the Yaroslavl Kremlin (the map clearly demonstrates this) is located in a strategically important area. It has the shape of a triangle.

The Kremlin has another name - Chopped City. This is due to the fact that its fortifications were cut down from wood. According to the painting dating back to 1648, it can be seen that the fortifications, cut down from wood, included 2 travel towers, 10 deaf and 12 spindles. The Kremlin walls also protected the governor's house, the city cathedral and the bishops' chambers.

In 1658, a fire almost destroyed all the buildings. I had to start building stone fortifications of the Yaroslavl Kremlin. On the side of Kotorosl, a stone tower was built, which was called Zeleina. It was used as a store of gunpowder.

From the side of the Volga, another attraction of the Yaroslavl Kremlin appeared - the Podvolzhskaya Tower. Much later it was rebuilt into an arsenal, it has been preserved in excellent condition to this day.

Six churches were built on the territory of the Yaroslavl Kremlin:

• Assumption Cathedral (1215) brick building with white stone details. The cathedral was spiritual andarchitectural center of the city for centuries.
• Ilyinsky-Tikhonovskaya Church - in the Soviet years, the building was equipped as a museum. Lenin, and later organized workshops for restorers.
• Nikola's Church reflected the financial difficulties of the parishioners who invested in construction. Today, this building houses a department.
• Leontief Church - was erected as a house church of the bishop. It was consecrated in honor of Leonty of Rostov.
• Church of Our Lady of Shuya - was rebuilt in stone in 1690. She was crowned with five helmet-shaped domes. It has not survived to our time.
• Church of Our Lady of Tolga. Was a parish church until 1802, later demolished.