The bridge across the Amur is located near the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. There is the possibility of two-lane and single-track traffic. The railway began to function in 1975, and in 1981 a highway appeared. The bridge ends in Khabarovsk.
Technical miracle
The bridge across the Amur in Khabarovsk was built between 1913 and 1916. He had one way. The author of the project was L. D. Proskuryakov. It was planned to put the railway into operation.
Means of military movement on foot along one of the 2 sidewalks that supported the consoles, or on wheels through the roadway, were also developed. The bridge has nineteen supports of an intermediate type, while the rest were built using caissons laid to a depth of 19.2 meters. Nine of them were made using steel, while the rest were made using reinforced concrete and wood.
Span structures closer to the left bank are arch-shaped and accessible for driving. The designer of hingeless arches was G. P. Perederiy, who planned their creation from reinforced concrete. The buildings on top are a combination of racks and a ballast trough. The top of the belt has a parabolic shape. The foundations were laid strong, the claddingsupports were made of granite.
Building near Komsomolsk-on-Amur
The construction of a bridge across the Amur was planned during the construction of the settlement of Komsomolsk-on-Amur in 1932, when it was necessary to connect the two banks of the river with the future Baikal-Amur Mainline.
The project was developed by Lengiprotransmost, the institute from which a proposal was received, including three options for building a crossing. According to one of them, it could be located within the city under construction, according to the second and third - within its boundaries and a little lower.
While the bridge over the Amur was not yet in operation, citizens had to use the ferry crossing. When the railway from Khabarovsk to Sovetskaya Gavan began to function, rail-type ferries began to be used. In winter, I had to specially freeze the ice and create a temporary path.
In 1961, a river-type icebreaker was put into operation, which worked in winter and autumn. With its help, it was possible to extend the navigation period. However, this site still needed changes and development.
From words to deeds
After long delays, in 1969, they began to build a bridge across the Amur. Construction work was completed in 1974. The last element was one of the nine pillars that supported the bridge. The last span structure was installed on September 26, 1975.
The opening was solemn, since this object is of great practical importance for all its users. It became possible to moverailroad tracks. On the first day, when this point began its work, a train carrying passengers passed through it. The work of ferries, which were used thirty years before, has ended here.
When designing, the temporary load on the railway and roads was taken into account within the framework of the current technical conditions and construction standards. The structures that make up the bridge across the Amur were recreated by the forces of the Komsomolsk bridge team, which belongs to the Mostostroy-8 trust.
Advanced technology
The main support is made up of reinforced concrete structures that support spans that form a single road for trains and cars on two lanes. The territory intended for the passage of cars is located on the brackets. They are located on the lower side, if correlated with the railway spans.
A fairly massive structure is a bridge across the Amur. Its length is 1.4 thousand meters, while its height is 24 meters above sea level.
When construction took place here in the period of 1970 and 1971, the first and unique at that time for the USSR method of creating supports was used. A distinctive feature is the use of columns standing on the foundation of reinforced concrete shells with a diameter of 3 m. This technique was drawn from the developments of K. Silin, with the only difference that they excluded the coffered foundation, usually used in the construction of objects of large size, which filled the Trans-Siberian Railway.
To anchor the shell deep into bedrock, reactive drilling was usedpipe type, which again became a unique experience of similar work with rocky soil.
The work involved a special unit used in such drilling - RTB-600. It consists of 3 pipelines, thanks to which the tool rotates and can destroy the rock. Outwardly similar to cone chisels.
Fundamentality
When the shells were immersed and reached the desired level, the concrete mixture was filled with a pipe moving vertically. Then the structures were combined with the help of a reinforced concrete slab, a sheet pile fencing was used, to which the supporting structures were attached. Each shell reached 3 meters in diameter. The total number of such elements is 304 units.
Monolithic structures act as supporting devices. The intermediate elements have a granite cladding and are pointed at the top. These were ice cutters with a sharp edge located vertically. In these works, granite was used, which was mined in the Trikratninsky and Kiesovsky quarries.
Distinguishing Features
The bridge over the Amur can be called not only an important transport, but also a military strategic object. His photos are able to reflect the entire scale and fundamental nature of the design.
On both banks there are wire barriers lined up in a couple of rows, with guard towers and pillboxes. By design, it is forbidden to move cyclists and pedestrians. On the left you can see the part where the military is working. For training purposes, they previously usedminiature transition model. If you are on the bridge at a time when the wind is especially strong, you can feel how the structure sways. This is due to its impressive length.
Both bridges - both in Khabarovsk and in Komsomolsk-on-Amur - are distinctive buildings for their time. They can be called not just roads between two banks, but also transitions from the past to the future in science.
